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Will Nothing Be the Same Again?: Changes in Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and Consequences on Mental Health

Author

Listed:
  • Emanuele Caroppo

    (Local Health Unit ROMA 2, Mental Health Department, 00159 Rome, Italy
    These authors equally contributed to this paper.)

  • Marianna Mazza

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
    These authors equally contributed to this paper.)

  • Alessandra Sannella

    (Department of Human Sciences, Social and Health, University of Cassino and South Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Marano

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Carla Avallone

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Angelo Emilio Claro

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Delfina Janiri

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Lorenzo Moccia

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Luigi Janiri

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

  • Gabriele Sani

    (Department of Neurosciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
    Psychiatry Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected lifestyles: from sedentary behaviors to reduced physical activity, from disrupted sleep patterns to altered dietary habits. As a consequence, serious mental and emotional responses have been registered. There was a significant decline in physical and other meaningful activities of daily living, leisure, social activity, and education. In children, collateral effects of the pandemic include inadequate nutrition with a risk of both overweight and underweight, addiction to screens, lack of schooling, and psychosocial difficulties. Older adults are frequently unable to adapt to lockdown measures and suffer from depression and cognitive complaints. Recent studies focusing on changes in lifestyle during the Covid-19 pandemic and consequences on mental health have been identified in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect. All the available literature has been retrospectively reviewed. The results of the present narrative review suggest that mental distress caused by social isolation seems to be linked not only to personality characteristics but also to several lifestyle components (sleep disruption, altered eating habits, reduced physical activity). This review aims to explore major changes in the lifestyle and quality of life and the impact of these changes on mental health, and to inform clinicians and policymakers about elements that may reduce the negative psychological effects of the quarantine period imposed during this worldwide crisis. There is an urgent need for tailored preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic mental health interventions for the general population and for higher risk groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Emanuele Caroppo & Marianna Mazza & Alessandra Sannella & Giuseppe Marano & Carla Avallone & Angelo Emilio Claro & Delfina Janiri & Lorenzo Moccia & Luigi Janiri & Gabriele Sani, 2021. "Will Nothing Be the Same Again?: Changes in Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and Consequences on Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-8, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:16:p:8433-:d:611631
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Yang Song & Sungmin Lee & Amaryllis H Park & Chanam Lee, 2023. "COVID-19 impacts on non-work travel patterns: A place-based investigation using smartphone mobility data," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(3), pages 642-659, March.
    4. Joel Martin & Michael Toczko & Emily Locke & Ryan McCarthy & Italia Milani & Nathalie Barrios & Samer Koutoubi & Jatin Ambegaonkar & Niyati Dhokai & Ali Boolani, 2022. "Influence of Grit on Physical Activity, Sitting Time and Dietary Behaviors: A Multi-Study Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.
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