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Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

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  • Hanan Alfawaz

    (Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
    Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sobhy M. Yakout

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Kaiser Wani

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ghadah A. Aljumah

    (King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohammed G. A. Ansari

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Malak N. K. Khattak

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Syed D. Hussain

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nasser M. Al-Daghri

    (Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental status and dietary intake of residents in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 11 May to 6 June 2020 corresponding to almost two weeks during and after Ramadan (23 April–23 May 2020). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the participants was 25.4%, 27.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. Participants aged ≥50 years with high income (≥8000 SAR) were at a lower risk of developing depression, whereas participants of the same age group with income 5000–7000 SAR were at high risk of developing anxiety. Students and master-educated participants suffer from median elevated depression and are required to take more multivitamins and vitamin D than others. Anxiety and depression were more common among married participants with low income. There is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at a higher risk of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide mental support.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanan Alfawaz & Sobhy M. Yakout & Kaiser Wani & Ghadah A. Aljumah & Mohammed G. A. Ansari & Malak N. K. Khattak & Syed D. Hussain & Nasser M. Al-Daghri, 2021. "Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-11, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1653-:d:496431
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cuiyan Wang & Riyu Pan & Xiaoyang Wan & Yilin Tan & Linkang Xu & Cyrus S. Ho & Roger C. Ho, 2020. "Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-25, March.
    2. Andrew Atkeson, 2020. "What Will be the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the US? Rough Estimates of Disease Scenarios," Staff Report 595, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hanan A. Alfawaz & Nasiruddin Khan & Ghadah A. Aljumah & Syed D. Hussain & Nasser M. Al-Daghri, 2021. "Dietary Intake and Supplement Use Among Saudi Residents during COVID-19 Lockdown," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Emanuele Caroppo & Marianna Mazza & Alessandra Sannella & Giuseppe Marano & Carla Avallone & Angelo Emilio Claro & Delfina Janiri & Lorenzo Moccia & Luigi Janiri & Gabriele Sani, 2021. "Will Nothing Be the Same Again?: Changes in Lifestyle during COVID-19 Pandemic and Consequences on Mental Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-8, August.

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