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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Hungarian High School Students

Author

Listed:
  • Krisztian Kapus

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Rita Nyulas

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Zsolt Nemeskeri

    (Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Education and Regional Development, University of Pécs, 7633 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Ivan Zadori

    (Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Education and Regional Development, University of Pécs, 7633 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Gyorgy Muity

    (Department of Chancellory, University of Pécs, 7633 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Julianna Kiss

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Andrea Feher

    (Szent Rafael Hospital, 8900 Zalaegerszeg, Hungary)

  • Eva Fejes

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
    Hospital of Komló, 7300 Komló, Hungary)

  • Antal Tibold

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary)

  • Gergely Feher

    (Centre for Occupational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
    Neurology Outpatient Clinic, EÜ-MED KFT, 7300 Komló, Hungary)

Abstract

Introduction: The extensive availability of the internet has led to the recognition of problematic internet use (so-called internet addiction—IA) mostly concerning adolescents. Aim: Here, we present a study focusing on the prevalence and risk factors of internet addiction in Hungarian high school students, using a questionnaire-based survey. Results: Overall, 3000 paper-based questionnaires were successfully delivered and 2540 responses were received (response rate of 84.6%). A total of 1309 males (mean age 17.6 ± 1.43 years) (51.5%) and 1231 females (mean age 17.5 ± 1.4 years) (48.5%) took part in our study. Internet addiction was detected in 486 (19.1%) students (232 males, mean age 17.6 ± 1.35 years, and 254 females, mean age 17.34 ± 1.37 years) based on the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis, age (age of 17, OR = 3.688, p < 0.001), family status (living without parents) (OR = 2.091, p = 0.034), the size of the household (more than five people per household) (OR = 2.546, p = 0.026), spending more than 6 h online (OR = 5.457, p < 0.001), and daily time interval (OR = 84.316, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with internet addiction. Alcohol use (OR = 10.341, p = 0.001), drug intake (OR = 6.689, p = 0.001) and musculoskeletal disorders (OR = 3.966, p = 0.047) were also strongly associated with IA. Conclusion: A significant proportion of our students suffered from IA, which is associated with substance intake (possible abuse) and musculoskeletal pain in the multivariate analysis. Our study also draws attention to the preventable risk factors of IA, such as working hours or nighttime internet use, number of hours spent online and family surroundings.

Suggested Citation

  • Krisztian Kapus & Rita Nyulas & Zsolt Nemeskeri & Ivan Zadori & Gyorgy Muity & Julianna Kiss & Andrea Feher & Eva Fejes & Antal Tibold & Gergely Feher, 2021. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Internet Addiction among Hungarian High School Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6989-:d:585293
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Petruzelka & Jaroslav Vacek & Beata Gavurova & Matus Kubak & Roman Gabrhelik & Vladimir Rogalewicz & Miroslav Bartak, 2020. "Interaction of Socioeconomic Status with Risky Internet Use, Gambling and Substance Use in Adolescents from a Structurally Disadvantaged Region in Central Europe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Gabor Toth & Krisztian Kapus & David Hesszenberger & Marietta Pohl & Gabor Kosa & Julianna Kiss & Gabriella Pusch & Eva Fejes & Antal Tibold & Gergely Feher, 2021. "Internet Addiction and Burnout in A Single Hospital: Is There Any Association?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-10, January.
    3. Katarzyna Tomaszek & Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman, 2019. "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Student School Burnout and Problematic Internet Use among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Darren Chadwick & Caroline Wesson & Chris Fullwood, 2013. "Internet Access by People with Intellectual Disabilities: Inequalities and Opportunities," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-22, July.
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    1. Zhao, Baobao & Jin, Cancan, 2023. "Peer relationships and adolescent internet addiction: Variable-centered and person-centered approaches," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
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    3. Marta Kożybska & Iwona Radlińska & Marcin Kolwitz & Beata Karakiewicz, 2023. "Problematic Internet Use among Polish Students: Prevalence, Relationship to Sociodemographic Data and Internet Usage Patterns," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-14, January.
    4. Kamil Kopecký & Francisco-Domingo Fernández-Martín & René Szotkowski & Gerardo Gómez-García & Klára Mikulcová, 2021. "Behaviour of Children and Adolescents and the Use of Mobile Phones in Primary Schools in the Czech Republic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-15, August.
    5. Marietta Pohl & Gergely Feher & Krisztián Kapus & Andrea Feher & Gabor Daniel Nagy & Julianna Kiss & Éva Fejes & Lilla Horvath & Antal Tibold, 2021. "The Association of Internet Addiction with Burnout, Depression, Insomnia, and Quality of Life among Hungarian High School Teachers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-9, December.
    6. Henrique Pereira & Gergely Fehér & Antal Tibold & Graça Esgalhado & Vítor Costa & Samuel Monteiro, 2021. "The Impact of Internet Addiction and Job Satisfaction on Mental Health Symptoms among a Sample of Portuguese Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-11, June.

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