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Eye-Tracking Evaluation of Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels in Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers

Author

Listed:
  • Ting Shang

    (School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Hao Lu

    (School of Economics & Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Peng Wu

    (School of Traffic & Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

  • Yi Wei

    (School of Economics & Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)

Abstract

As a component of the traffic control plan, traffic signs on highways offer drivers necessary information. Unfortunately, many signs are unfamiliar to or misunderstood by drivers, especially when lacking a setting method; this includes exit advance guide signs in tunnels. These are generally set in roadbed sections, but space limitations in tunnels dictate that they must be set differently. To evaluate the effect of the setting method, an experiment was designed and conducted, during which the eye movements of 44 drivers with different familiarity levels were tracked. Twenty-two of the drivers had not previously participated in any experiment involving exit advance guide signs in highway tunnels, while 22 of them had. Time period data were analyzed, including data from before the sign appeared, when it appeared, and when it disappeared. Based on area division and Markov theory, attributes related to gaze transition were obtained, including one- and two-step gaze transition probabilities and area gaze probabilities. The results showed that gaze transition was confirmed to be significantly different between the three periods and between the drivers. Features extracted from eye movement characteristics, gaze transition paths, and gaze areas demonstrated that visual attention is more dispersed in familiar drivers during the lane-change intention period. Therefore, signs should be placed on the left wall of the highway tunnel.

Suggested Citation

  • Ting Shang & Hao Lu & Peng Wu & Yi Wei, 2021. "Eye-Tracking Evaluation of Exit Advance Guide Signs in Highway Tunnels in Familiar and Unfamiliar Drivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6820-:d:582014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Liechty & Rik Pieters & Michel Wedel, 2003. "Global and local covert visual attention: Evidence from a bayesian hidden markov model," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 68(4), pages 519-541, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qin Zeng & Yun Chen & Xiazhong Zheng & Meng Zhang & Donghui Li & Qilin Hu, 2023. "Exploring the Visual Attention Mechanism of Long-Distance Driving in an Underground Construction Cavern: Eye-Tracking and Simulated Driving," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-25, June.
    2. Yongzheng Yang & Zhigang Du & Fangtong Jiao & Fuquan Pan, 2021. "Analysis of EEG Characteristics of Drivers and Driving Safety in Undersea Tunnel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-18, September.
    3. Zhongxiang Feng & Miaomiao Yang & Yingjie Du & Jin Xu & Congjun Huang & Xu Jiang, 2021. "Effects of the Spatial Structure Conditions of Urban Underpass Tunnels’ Longitudinal Section on Drivers’ Physiological and Behavioral Comfort," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-20, October.
    4. Qin Zeng & Yun Chen & Xiazhong Zheng & Shiyu He & Donghui Li & Benwu Nie, 2023. "Optimization of Underground Cavern Sign Group Layout Using Eye-Tracking Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-32, August.

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