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Burden of Disease Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and Premature Mortality in Urban Areas: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Transportation

Author

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  • Soheil Sohrabi

    (Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA
    Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Joe Zietsman

    (Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Haneen Khreis

    (Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), College Station, TX 77843, USA
    Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08003 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

With recent rapid urbanization, sustainable development is required to prevent health risks associated with adverse environmental exposures from the unsustainable development of cities. Ambient air pollution is the greatest environmental risk factor for human health and is responsible for considerable levels of mortality worldwide. Burden of disease assessment (BoD) of air pollution in and across cities, and how these estimates vary according to socioeconomic status and exposure to road traffic, can help city planners and health practitioners to mitigate adverse exposures and promote public health. In this study, we quantified the health impacts of air pollution exposure (PM 2.5 and NO 2 ) at the census tract level in Houston, Texas, employing a standard BoD assessment framework to estimate the premature deaths (adults 30 to 78 years old) attributable to PM 2.5 and NO 2 . We found that 631 (95% CI: 366–809) premature deaths were attributable to PM 2.5 in Houston, and 159 (95% CI: 0-609) were attributable to NO 2 , in 2010. Complying with the World Health Organization air quality guidelines (annual mean: 10 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ) and the US National Ambient Air Quality standard (annual mean: 12 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ) could save 82 (95% CI: 42–95) and 8 (95% CI: 6–10) lives in Houston, respectively. PM 2.5 was responsible for 7.3% of all-cause premature deaths in Houston, in 2010, which is higher than the death rate associated with diabetes mellites, Alzheimer’s disease, or motor vehicle crashes in the US. Households with lower income had a higher risk of adverse exposure and attributable premature deaths. We also showed a positive relationship between health impacts attributable to air pollution and road traffic passing through census tracts, which was more prominent for NO 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Soheil Sohrabi & Joe Zietsman & Haneen Khreis, 2020. "Burden of Disease Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and Premature Mortality in Urban Areas: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Transportation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1166-:d:319879
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mohammad Hashem Askariyeh & Madhusudhan Venugopal & Haneen Khreis & Andrew Birt & Josias Zietsman, 2020. "Near-Road Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Resuspended PM 2.5 from Highways and Arterials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Rasa Zalakeviciute & Danilo Mejia & Hermel Alvarez & Xavier Bermeo & Santiago Bonilla-Bedoya & Yves Rybarczyk & Brian Lamb, 2022. "War Impact on Air Quality in Ukraine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Xinyu Han & Shuai Li & Zezheng Li & Xiaochen Pang & Yuzhai Bao & Jianwu Shi & Ping Ning, 2021. "Concentrations, Source Characteristics, and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in PM 2.5 in a Plateau City (Kunming) in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Wenbing Luo & Zhongping Deng & Shihu Zhong & Mingjun Deng, 2022. "Trends, Issues and Future Directions of Urban Health Impact Assessment Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-23, May.
    5. Edward Randal & Caroline Shaw & Melissa McLeod & Michael Keall & Alistair Woodward & Anja Mizdrak, 2022. "The Impact of Transport on Population Health and Health Equity for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Prospective Burden of Disease Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.

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