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The Impact of Transport on Population Health and Health Equity for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Prospective Burden of Disease Study

Author

Listed:
  • Edward Randal

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

  • Caroline Shaw

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

  • Melissa McLeod

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

  • Michael Keall

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

  • Alistair Woodward

    (Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand)

  • Anja Mizdrak

    (Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand)

Abstract

Background: The land transport system influences health via a range of pathways. This study aimed to quantify the amount and distribution of health loss caused by the current land transport system in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) through the pathways of road injury, air pollution and physical inactivity. Methods: We used an existing multi-state life table model to estimate the long-term health impacts (in health-adjusted life years (HALYs)) and changes in health system costs of removing road injury and transport related air pollution and increasing physical activity to recommended levels through active transport. Health equity implications were estimated using relative changes in HALYs and life expectancy for Māori and non-Māori. Results: If the NZ resident population alive in 2011 was exposed to no further air pollution from transport, had no road traffic injuries and achieved at least the recommended weekly amount of physical activity through walking and cycling from 2011 onwards, 1.28 (95% UI: 1.11–1.5) million HALYs would be gained and $7.7 (95% UI: 10.2 to 5.6) billion (2011 NZ Dollars) would be saved from the health system over the lifetime of this cohort. Māori would likely gain more healthy years per capita than non-Māori, which would translate to small but important reductions (2–3%) in the present gaps in life expectancy. Conclusion: The current transport system in NZ, like many other car-dominated transport systems, has substantial negative impacts on health, at a similar level to the effects of tobacco and obesity. Transport contributes to health inequity, as Māori bear greater shares of the negative health impacts. Creating a healthier transport system would bring substantial benefits for health, society and the economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward Randal & Caroline Shaw & Melissa McLeod & Michael Keall & Alistair Woodward & Anja Mizdrak, 2022. "The Impact of Transport on Population Health and Health Equity for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Prospective Burden of Disease Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:4:p:2032-:d:747512
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anja Mizdrak & Tony Blakely & Christine L Cleghorn & Linda J Cobiac, 2019. "Potential of active transport to improve health, reduce healthcare costs, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions: A modelling study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Edward Randal & Caroline Shaw & Alistair Woodward & Philippa Howden-Chapman & Alex Macmillan & Jamie Hosking & Ralph Chapman & Andrew M. Waa & Michael Keall, 2020. "Fairness in Transport Policy: A New Approach to Applying Distributive Justice Theories," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Soheil Sohrabi & Joe Zietsman & Haneen Khreis, 2020. "Burden of Disease Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and Premature Mortality in Urban Areas: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Transportation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Emodi, Nnaemeka Vincent & Inekwe, John Nkwoma & Zakari, Abdulrasheed, 2022. "Transport infrastructure, CO2 emissions, mortality, and life expectancy in the Global South," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 243-253.

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