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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Wistar Rats Exposed to Ambient Air of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator for Tissue Toxicity

Author

Listed:
  • Rogers Kanee

    (Institute of Geo-Science and Space Technology, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nigeria)

  • Precious Ede

    (Institute of Geo-Science and Space Technology, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nigeria)

  • Omosivie Maduka

    (Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria)

  • Golden Owhonda

    (Department of Public Health Services, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt 500001, Nigeria)

  • Eric Aigbogun

    (Center for Occupational Health, Safety, & Environment (COHSE), Institute of Petroleum Studies (IPS), University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Nigeria)

  • Khalaf F. Alsharif

    (Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ahmed H. Qasem

    (Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia)

  • Shadi S. Alkhayyat

    (Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Gaber El-Saber Batiha

    (Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt)

Abstract

This study investigated the PAH levels in Wistar rats exposed to ambient air of the Port Harcourt metropolis. Twenty Wistar rats imported from a nonpolluted city (Enugu) were exposed to both indoor and outdoor air. Following the IACUC regulation, baseline data were obtained from 4 randomly selected rats, while the remaining 16 rats (8 each for indoor and outdoor) were left till day 90. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture, and the PAH levels were determined using Gas Chromatography Flame-Ionization Detector (GC-FID). GraphPad Prism (version 8.0.2) Sidak’s (for multiple data set) and unpaired t -tests (for two data sets) were used to evaluate the differences in group means. Seven of the PAHs found in indoor and outdoor rats were absent in baseline rats. The mean concentrations of PAH in indoor and outdoor animals were higher than those of baseline animals, except for Benzo(a)pyrene, which was found in baseline animals but absent in other animal groups. Additionally, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, Pyrene, 2-methyl, and other carcinogenic PAHs were all significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in outdoor groups. The vulnerable groups in Port Harcourt are at the greatest risk of such pollution. Therefore, urgent environmental and public health measures are necessary to mitigate the looming danger.

Suggested Citation

  • Rogers Kanee & Precious Ede & Omosivie Maduka & Golden Owhonda & Eric Aigbogun & Khalaf F. Alsharif & Ahmed H. Qasem & Shadi S. Alkhayyat & Gaber El-Saber Batiha, 2021. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Wistar Rats Exposed to Ambient Air of Port Harcourt, Nigeria: An Indicator for Tissue Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-21, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5699-:d:562609
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qin Yang & Huaguo Chen & Baizhan Li, 2015. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Indoor Dusts of Guizhou, Southwest of China: Status, Sources and Potential Human Health Risk," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Oluwatoyin Seun Ayanlade, 2018. "Electronic Medical Record System as a central ICT tool for quality healthcare services: Nigeria as a case study," African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 147-157, February.
    3. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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