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Burden of Mortality and Disease Attributable to Multiple Air Pollutants in Warsaw, Poland

Author

Listed:
  • Piotr Holnicki

    (Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Marko Tainio

    (Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland
    UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK)

  • Andrzej Kałuszko

    (Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Zbigniew Nahorski

    (Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-447 Warsaw, Poland
    Warsaw School of Information Technology (WIT), 01-447 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

Air pollution is a significant public health issue all over the world, especially in urban areas where a large number of inhabitants are affected. In this study, we quantify the health burden due to local air pollution for Warsaw, Poland. The health impact of the main air pollutants, PM, NO X , SO 2 , CO, C 6 H 6 , BaP and heavy metals is considered. The annual mean concentrations are predicted with the CALPUFF air quality modeling system using the year 2012 emission and meteorological data. The emission field comprises point, mobile and area sources. The exposure to these pollutants was estimated using population data with a spatial resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 km 2 . Changes in mortality and in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated with relative risk functions obtained from literature. It has been predicted that local emissions cause approximately 1600 attributable deaths and 29,000 DALYs per year. About 80% of the health burden was due to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ). Mobile and area sources contributed 46% and 52% of total DALYs, respectively. When the inflow from outside was included, the burden nearly doubled to 51,000 DALYs. These results indicate that local decisions can potentially reduce associated negative health effects, but a national-level policy is required for reducing the strong environmental impact of PM emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Holnicki & Marko Tainio & Andrzej Kałuszko & Zbigniew Nahorski, 2017. "Burden of Mortality and Disease Attributable to Multiple Air Pollutants in Warsaw, Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:11:p:1359-:d:118093
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jonathan I. Levy, 2016. "Fine Particulate Matter, Risk Assessment, and Risk Management," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(9), pages 1745-1747, September.
    2. Marko Tainio & Piotr Holnicki & Miranda M. Loh & Zbigniew Nahorski, 2014. "Intake Fraction Variability Between Air Pollution Emission Sources Inside an Urban Area," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(11), pages 2021-2034, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Soheil Sohrabi & Joe Zietsman & Haneen Khreis, 2020. "Burden of Disease Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution and Premature Mortality in Urban Areas: The Role of Socioeconomic Status and Transportation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, February.
    2. Wojciech Nazar & Marek Niedoszytko, 2022. "Air Pollution in Poland: A 2022 Narrative Review with Focus on Respiratory Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-20, January.
    3. Iana Markevych & Natasza Orlov & James Grellier & Katarzyna Kaczmarek-Majer & Małgorzata Lipowska & Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska & Yarema Mysak & Clemens Baumbach & Maja Wierzba-Łukaszyk & Munawar Huss, 2021. "NeuroSmog: Determining the Impact of Air Pollution on the Developing Brain: Project Protocol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-19, December.

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