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Time Trends of Greenspaces, Air Pollution, and Asthma Prevalence among Children and Adolescents in India

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  • Sowmya Malamardi

    (Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysore 570015, India)

  • Katrina A. Lambert

    (Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia)

  • Attahalli Shivanarayanaprasad Praveena

    (Department of Studies in Statistics, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, India)

  • Mahesh Padukudru Anand

    (Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSSAHER), Mysore 570015, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Bircan Erbas

    (Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
    Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The prevalence of childhood asthma contributes to the global burden of the disease substantially. Air pollution in India has increased. In this study, we examine the associations among greenspaces, air pollution, and asthma prevalence in children and adolescents over a large, diverse population in India. We used state-wide global burden of disease data on asthma from age 0 to 19 years in 2005, 2011, and 2017. For greenspace, we used the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), which is the surface reflectance of light during photosynthetic activity. NDVI, air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , and O 3 ), weather, and socio-demographic factors were included in generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to estimate their associations with childhood asthma prevalence over time. Novel data visualization illustrated the complex spatial distributions. NDVI was associated with asthma prevalence (β = 0.144; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.186; p < 0.0001) for high PM 2.5 , along with high levels of both gaseous air pollutants, SO 2 , and NO 2 ((β = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.08, 0.16; p < 0.0001) and (β = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.13; p < 0.0001)). However, NDVI and high O 3 , had a strong negative association with asthma prevalence (β = −0.19; 95% CI = −0.26, −0.11; p < 0.0001). We observed additional effects of the interaction between the NDVI and high concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 , and O 3 , assuming that these associations share a common pathway, and found interaction effects for asthma prevalence. Given the changing environmental conditions that interplay over geographical characteristics on the prevalence of asthma, further studies may elucidate a better understanding of these complex associations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sowmya Malamardi & Katrina A. Lambert & Attahalli Shivanarayanaprasad Praveena & Mahesh Padukudru Anand & Bircan Erbas, 2022. "Time Trends of Greenspaces, Air Pollution, and Asthma Prevalence among Children and Adolescents in India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15273-:d:977265
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiaoqi Feng & Thomas Astell-Burt, 2017. "Is Neighborhood Green Space Protective against Associations between Child Asthma, Neighborhood Traffic Volume and Perceived Lack of Area Safety? Multilevel Analysis of 4447 Australian Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, May.
    2. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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