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Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate

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  • Du Yung Kim

    (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Sa-Ho Chun

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Yerin Jung

    (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Dana Fahad Mohamed Salman Mohamed

    (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

  • Hae-Soo Kim

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Da-Young Kang

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Jeong-Won An

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Seong-Yeol Park

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Hyun-Wook Kwon

    (FITI Testing & Research Institute, 21 Yangcheong 3-gil, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28115, Korea)

  • Jung-Hwan Kwon

    (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea)

Abstract

Plasticizers are added to diverse consumer products including children’s products. Owing to their potential for endocrine disruption, the use of phthalate plasticizers is restricted in many children’s products. In this study, exposure to five phthalate esters (dibutylphthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diethyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate (DINP)) and an alternative (di-ethylhexyl adipate) was assessed by the use of children’s products based on chemical analysis of 3345 products purchased during 2017 and 2019 in Korea. Plasticizers were found above the detection limits in 387 products, and DEHP and DINP were the two most predominantly detected plasticizers. Deterministic and probabilistic estimation of the margin of exposure at a screening level revealed that the use of children’s products might be an important risk factor. However, it is also highly likely that the exposure could be overestimated, because the migration rate was estimated based solely on the content of plasticizers in children’s products. Chemical migration is a key process determining the absorption of plasticizers from products; thus, further refinements in experimental determination or model estimation of the migration rate are required.

Suggested Citation

  • Du Yung Kim & Sa-Ho Chun & Yerin Jung & Dana Fahad Mohamed Salman Mohamed & Hae-Soo Kim & Da-Young Kang & Jeong-Won An & Seong-Yeol Park & Hyun-Wook Kwon & Jung-Hwan Kwon, 2020. "Phthalate Plasticizers in Children’s Products and Estimation of Exposure: Importance of Migration Rate," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8582-:d:447407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kimberly M. Thompson & David E. Burmaster & Edmund A.C. Crouch3, 1992. "Monte Carlo Techniques for Quantitative Uncertainty Analysis in Public Health Risk Assessments," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 53-63, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dana Fahad M. S. Mohamed & Du Yung Kim & Jinsung An & Minhye Kim & Sa-Ho Chun & Jung-Hwan Kwon, 2023. "Simplified Unified BARGE Method to Assess Migration of Phthalate Esters in Ingested PVC Consumer Products," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-12, January.

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