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Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air on Primary Health Care Consultations for Diabetes in Children and Elderly Population in Ljubljana, Slovenia: A 5-Year Time-Trend Study

Author

Listed:
  • Vesna Viher Hrženjak

    (National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Prvomajska 1, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia)

  • Andreja Kukec

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
    National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Ivan Eržen

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
    National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Dalibor Stanimirović

    (National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

Abstract

Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to ultrafine particles (UFP) in ambient air represents an important environmental public health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the association between UFP in ambient air and the daily number of consultations in the primary health care unit due to diabetes mellitus in children and elderly population of the Municipality of Ljubljana. A 5-year time-trend ecological study was carried out for the period between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2017. The daily number of primary health care consultations due to diabetes mellitus among children and elderly population was observed as the health outcome. Daily mean UFP concentrations (different size from 10 to 100 nm) were measured and calculated. Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the observed outcome and the daily UFP, particulate matter fine fraction (PM 2.5 ), and particulate matter coarse fraction (PM 10 ) concentrations, adjusted to other covariates. The results show that the daily number of consultations due to diabetes mellitus were highly significantly associated with the daily concentrations of UFP (10 to 20 nm; p ≤ 0.001 and 20 to 30 nm; p ≤ 0.001) in all age groups and in the elderly population. In observed the population of children, we did not confirm the association. Findings indicate that specified environmental challenges should be addressed by comprehensive public health strategies leading to the coordinated cross-sectoral measures for the reduction of UFP in ambient air and the mitigation of adverse health effects.

Suggested Citation

  • Vesna Viher Hrženjak & Andreja Kukec & Ivan Eržen & Dalibor Stanimirović, 2020. "Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air on Primary Health Care Consultations for Diabetes in Children and Elderly Population in Ljubljana, Slovenia: A 5-Year Time-Trend Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:14:p:4970-:d:382721
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Richard W. Baldauf & Robert B. Devlin & Peter Gehr & Robert Giannelli & Beth Hassett-Sipple & Heejung Jung & Giorgio Martini & Joseph McDonald & Jason D. Sacks & Katherine Walker, 2016. "Ultrafine Particle Metrics and Research Considerations: Review of the 2015 UFP Workshop," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-21, October.
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