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Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives

Author

Listed:
  • Markus Braun

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Friedemann Koger

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Doris Klingelhöfer

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Ruth Müller

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    Medical Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerpen, Germany)

  • David A. Groneberg

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

Abstract

The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) in second-hand smoke (SHS) is hazardous to health of smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco strength (amount of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide) and different additives might have an effect on the amount of PM. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tobacco strength or additives on PM. Four cigarette types of the brand Marlboro with different strengths and with or without additives were analyzed in comparison to the 3R4F reference cigarette. SHS was generated by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (AETSE) in an enclosed space with a volume of 2.88 m³. PM concentrations (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 ) were measured with a laser aerosol spectrometer followed by statistical analysis. The two strongest Marlboro brands (Red and Red without additives) showed the highest PM concentrations of all tested cigarettes. The measured mean concentrations Cmean of PM 10 increased up to 1458 µg/m³ for the Marlboro Red without additives (PM 2.5 : 1452 µg/m³, PM 1 : 1263 µg/m³). The similarly strong Marlboro Red showed very similar PM values. The second strongest type Marlboro Gold showed 36% (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) and 32% (PM 1 ) lower values, respectively. The “lightest” type Marlboro Silver Blue showed 54% (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) or 50% (PM 1 ) lower PM values. The results indicate that the lower the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide amounts, as well as the longer the cigarette filter, the lower are the PM levels. An influence of additives could not be determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Braun & Friedemann Koger & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2019. "Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:263-:d:198719
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nora Kant & Ruth Müller & Markus Braun & Alexander Gerber & David Groneberg, 2016. "Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Alexander Gerber & Alexander Bigelow & Michaela Schulze & David A. Groneberg, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos — A Cheap and Less Harmful Alternative to Cigarettes? Particulate Matter Emissions Suggest Otherwise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Maurizio Manigrasso & Claudio Natale & Matteo Vitali & Carmela Protano & Pasquale Avino, 2017. "Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Miao-Ching Chi & Su-Er Guo & Su-Lun Hwang & Chiang-Ting Chou & Chieh-Mo Lin & Yu-Ching Lin, 2016. "Exposure to Indoor Particulate Matter Worsens the Symptoms and Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients of Southwestern Taiwan: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Le Thi Nhu Ngoc & Duckshin Park & Yongil Lee & Young-Chul Lee, 2017. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Skin Diseases Due to Particulate Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, November.
    6. Julia Wasel & Michael Boll & Michaela Schulze & Daniel Mueller & Matthias Bundschuh & David A. Groneberg & Alexander Gerber, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels—Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European Union Justified?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tareq Hussein, 2022. "Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Greta Gerlach & Markus Braun & Janis Dröge & David A. Groneberg, 2022. "Do Budget Cigarettes Emit More Particles? An Aerosol Spectrometric Comparison of Particulate Matter Concentrations between Private-Label Cigarettes and More Expensive Brand-Name Cigarettes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Ling Zhang & Changjin Ou & Dhammika Magana-Arachchi & Meththika Vithanage & Kanth Swaroop Vanka & Thava Palanisami & Kanaji Masakorala & Hasintha Wijesekara & Yubo Yan & Nanthi Bolan & M. B. Kirkham, 2021. "Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-33, October.
    4. Markus Braun & Rawya Al-Qaysi & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "High Particulate Matter Burden of Cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are There Country-Specific Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Mariangela Peruzzi & Elena Cavarretta & Giacomo Frati & Roberto Carnevale & Fabio Miraldi & Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai & Sebastiano Sciarretta & Francesco Versaci & Vittoria Cammalleri & Pasquale Avino & , 2020. "Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.

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