IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i2p263-d198719.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives

Author

Listed:
  • Markus Braun

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Friedemann Koger

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Doris Klingelhöfer

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

  • Ruth Müller

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
    Medical Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, B-2000 Antwerpen, Germany)

  • David A. Groneberg

    (Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

Abstract

The inhalation of particulate matter (PM) in second-hand smoke (SHS) is hazardous to health of smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco strength (amount of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide) and different additives might have an effect on the amount of PM. This study aimed to investigate the influence of tobacco strength or additives on PM. Four cigarette types of the brand Marlboro with different strengths and with or without additives were analyzed in comparison to the 3R4F reference cigarette. SHS was generated by an automatic environmental tobacco smoke emitter (AETSE) in an enclosed space with a volume of 2.88 m³. PM concentrations (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 ) were measured with a laser aerosol spectrometer followed by statistical analysis. The two strongest Marlboro brands (Red and Red without additives) showed the highest PM concentrations of all tested cigarettes. The measured mean concentrations Cmean of PM 10 increased up to 1458 µg/m³ for the Marlboro Red without additives (PM 2.5 : 1452 µg/m³, PM 1 : 1263 µg/m³). The similarly strong Marlboro Red showed very similar PM values. The second strongest type Marlboro Gold showed 36% (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) and 32% (PM 1 ) lower values, respectively. The “lightest” type Marlboro Silver Blue showed 54% (PM 10 , PM 2.5 ) or 50% (PM 1 ) lower PM values. The results indicate that the lower the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide amounts, as well as the longer the cigarette filter, the lower are the PM levels. An influence of additives could not be determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Markus Braun & Friedemann Koger & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2019. "Particulate Matter Emissions of Four Different Cigarette Types of One Popular Brand: Influence of Tobacco Strength and Additives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:263-:d:198719
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/2/263/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/2/263/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nora Kant & Ruth Müller & Markus Braun & Alexander Gerber & David Groneberg, 2016. "Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-10, August.
    2. Miao-Ching Chi & Su-Er Guo & Su-Lun Hwang & Chiang-Ting Chou & Chieh-Mo Lin & Yu-Ching Lin, 2016. "Exposure to Indoor Particulate Matter Worsens the Symptoms and Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients of Southwestern Taiwan: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Alexander Gerber & Alexander Bigelow & Michaela Schulze & David A. Groneberg, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos — A Cheap and Less Harmful Alternative to Cigarettes? Particulate Matter Emissions Suggest Otherwise," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, January.
    4. Le Thi Nhu Ngoc & Duckshin Park & Yongil Lee & Young-Chul Lee, 2017. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Skin Diseases Due to Particulate Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, November.
    5. Julia Wasel & Michael Boll & Michaela Schulze & Daniel Mueller & Matthias Bundschuh & David A. Groneberg & Alexander Gerber, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels—Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European Union Justified?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
    6. Maurizio Manigrasso & Claudio Natale & Matteo Vitali & Carmela Protano & Pasquale Avino, 2017. "Pedestrians in Traffic Environments: Ultrafine Particle Respiratory Doses," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tareq Hussein, 2022. "Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    2. Greta Gerlach & Markus Braun & Janis Dröge & David A. Groneberg, 2022. "Do Budget Cigarettes Emit More Particles? An Aerosol Spectrometric Comparison of Particulate Matter Concentrations between Private-Label Cigarettes and More Expensive Brand-Name Cigarettes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-11, May.
    3. Ling Zhang & Changjin Ou & Dhammika Magana-Arachchi & Meththika Vithanage & Kanth Swaroop Vanka & Thava Palanisami & Kanaji Masakorala & Hasintha Wijesekara & Yubo Yan & Nanthi Bolan & M. B. Kirkham, 2021. "Indoor Particulate Matter in Urban Households: Sources, Pathways, Characteristics, Health Effects, and Exposure Mitigation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-33, October.
    4. Markus Braun & Rawya Al-Qaysi & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "High Particulate Matter Burden of Cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are There Country-Specific Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, April.
    5. Mariangela Peruzzi & Elena Cavarretta & Giacomo Frati & Roberto Carnevale & Fabio Miraldi & Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai & Sebastiano Sciarretta & Francesco Versaci & Vittoria Cammalleri & Pasquale Avino & , 2020. "Comparative Indoor Pollution from Glo, Iqos, and Juul, Using Traditional Combustion Cigarettes as Benchmark: Evidence from the Randomized SUR-VAPES AIR Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-13, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Maria Schulz & Alexander Gerber & David A. Groneberg, 2016. "Are Filter-Tipped Cigarettes Still Less Harmful than Non-Filter Cigarettes?—A Laser Spectrometric Particulate Matter Analysis from the Non-Smokers Point of View," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Nora Kant & Ruth Müller & Markus Braun & Alexander Gerber & David Groneberg, 2016. "Particulate Matter in Second-Hand Smoke Emitted from Different Cigarette Sizes and Types of the Brand Vogue Mainly Smoked by Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-10, August.
    3. Markus Braun & Rawya Al-Qaysi & Doris Klingelhöfer & Ruth Müller & David A. Groneberg, 2020. "High Particulate Matter Burden of Cigarettes from the United Arab Emirates and Germany: Are There Country-Specific Differences?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, April.
    4. Tareq Hussein, 2022. "Indoor Exposure and Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose Rate during Smoking and Incense Stick Burning—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Vittoria Cammalleri & Daniela Marotta & Carmela Protano & Matteo Vitali & Paolo Villari & Maria Sofia Cattaruzza & on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group, 2020. "How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Raj P. Fadadu & Katrina Abuabara & John R. Balmes & Jon M. Hanifin & Maria L. Wei, 2023. "Air Pollution and Atopic Dermatitis, from Molecular Mechanisms to Population-Level Evidence: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-21, January.
    7. Dohyeong Kim & SungChul Seo & Soojin Min & Zachary Simoni & Seunghyun Kim & Myoungkon Kim, 2018. "A Closer Look at the Bivariate Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Allergic Diseases: The Role of Spatial Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-14, August.
    8. Gaetano Settimo & Luciana Indinnimeo & Marco Inglessis & Marco De Felice & Roberta Morlino & Annalisa di Coste & Fabiana Carriera & Cristina Di Fiore & Pasquale Avino, 2024. "CO 2 Levels in Classrooms: What Actions to Take to Improve the Quality of Environments and Spaces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, October.
    9. Hyun-Jun Lee & Jun-Hyeong Lee & Yejin Cho & Le Thi Nhu Ngoc & Young-Chul Lee, 2022. "Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Treatment Using Convalescent Plasma Transfusion: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Alimata Sidibe & Yosuke Sakamoto & Kentaro Murano & Ousmane A. Koita & Ibrahim Traore & Yacouba Dansoko & Yoshizumi Kajii, 2022. "Personal Exposure to Fine Particles (PM 2.5 ) in Northwest Africa: Case of the Urban City of Bamako in Mali," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-17, January.
    11. Vesna Viher Hrženjak & Andreja Kukec & Ivan Eržen & Dalibor Stanimirović, 2020. "Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air on Primary Health Care Consultations for Diabetes in Children and Elderly Population in Ljubljana, Slovenia: A 5-Year Time-Trend Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    12. Carmela Protano & Maurizio Manigrasso & Vittoria Cammalleri & Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai & Giacomo Frati & Pasquale Avino & Matteo Vitali, 2020. "Impact of Electronic Alternatives to Tobacco Cigarettes on Indoor Air Particular Matter Levels," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-10, April.
    13. Gaetano Settimo & Luciana Indinnimeo & Marco Inglessis & Marco De Felice & Roberta Morlino & Annalisa di Coste & Alessandra Fratianni & Pasquale Avino, 2020. "Indoor Air Quality Levels in Schools: Role of Student Activities and No Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-17, September.
    14. Sotiris Vardoulakis & Evanthia Giagloglou & Susanne Steinle & Alice Davis & Anne Sleeuwenhoek & Karen S. Galea & Ken Dixon & Joanne O. Crawford, 2020. "Indoor Exposure to Selected Air Pollutants in the Home Environment: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, December.
    15. Julia Wasel & Michael Boll & Michaela Schulze & Daniel Mueller & Matthias Bundschuh & David A. Groneberg & Alexander Gerber, 2015. "Brand Cigarillos: Low Price but High Particulate Matter Levels—Is Their Favorable Taxation in the European Union Justified?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-13, August.
    16. Norbert Mundorf & Colleen A. Redding & Songtao Bao, 2018. "Sustainable Transportation and Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-4, March.
    17. Young-Min Kim & Jihyun Kim & Seoung-Chul Ha & Kangmo Ahn, 2021. "Effects of Exposure to Indoor Fine Particulate Matter on Atopic Dermatitis in Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:263-:d:198719. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.