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Self-Reported Versus Observed Measures: Validation of Child Caregiver Food Hygiene Practices in Rural Malawi

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  • Kondwani Chidziwisano

    (Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Polytechnic University of Malawi, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Level 5 James Weir Building, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

  • Elizabeth Tilley

    (Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Polytechnic University of Malawi, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Department of Environmental Health, Polytechnic, University of Malawi, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    EAWAG: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland)

  • Tracy Morse

    (Centre for Water, Sanitation, Health and Appropriate Technology Development (WASHTED), Polytechnic University of Malawi, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Level 5 James Weir Building, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK)

Abstract

Few studies have attempted to measure the differences between self-reported and observed food hygiene practices in a household setting. We conducted a study to measure the level of agreement between self-reported and observed food hygiene practices among child caregivers with children under the age of five years in rural Malawi. Fifty-eight child caregivers from an intervention and 29 from a control group were recruited into the study. At the end of a nine-month food hygiene intervention, household observations were conducted followed by self-reported surveys. Overall, practices were found to be more frequently reported than observed in both groups. However, the difference between self-reports and observed practices was minimal in the intervention compared to the control group. The odds ratio results confirm that more desirable practices were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. Despite the effects of reactivity during observations, the study results imply that the intervention group did not just improve their knowledge, but also translated the messaging into better practice. Researchers and implementing agencies in water, sanitation and hygiene and food hygiene sector should ensure that interventions are context-appropriate, and that effective methods of observation are used to confirm any reported effects of an intervention.

Suggested Citation

  • Kondwani Chidziwisano & Elizabeth Tilley & Tracy Morse, 2020. "Self-Reported Versus Observed Measures: Validation of Child Caregiver Food Hygiene Practices in Rural Malawi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:12:p:4498-:d:375061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Contzen, Nadja & Meili, Iara Helena & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2015. "Changing handwashing behaviour in southern Ethiopia: A longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 103-114.
    2. Monte, Cristina M. G. & Ashworth, Ann & Nations, Marilyn K. & Lima, A. A. & Barreto, A. & Huttly, Sharon R. A., 1997. "Designing educational messages to improve weaning food hygiene practices of families living in proverty," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 44(10), pages 1453-1464, May.
    3. Tracy Morse & Elizabeth Tilley & Kondwani Chidziwisano & Rossanie Malolo & Janelisa Musaya, 2020. "Health Outcomes of an Integrated Behaviour-Centred Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Food Safety Intervention–A Randomised before and after Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-19, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Monica Nzanga & Mindy Panulo & Tracy Morse & Kondwani Chidziwisano, 2022. "Adherence to Hand Hygiene among Nurses and Clinicians at Chiradzulu District Hospital, Southern Malawi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, September.

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