IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i14p2529-d248612.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of Contextualized Versus Non-Contextualized Interventions for Improving Hand Washing, Sanitation, and Health in Rural Tanzania: Study Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Kim Dockx

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Hans Van Remoortel

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Emmy De Buck

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium
    Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium)

  • Charlotte Schelstraete

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • An Vanderheyden

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Tiene Lievens

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • John Thomas Kinyagu

    (Tanzania Red Cross Society, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)

  • Simon Mamuya

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)

  • Philippe Vandekerckhove

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium
    Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium)

Abstract

Nearly 90% of diarrhea-related mortalities are the result of unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Although “Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene” (WASH) interventions may significantly reduce the risk of diarrheal disease, it is currently unclear which interventions are the most effective. In this study, we aim to determine the importance of contextualizing a WASH intervention to the local context and the needs for increasing impact (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03709368). A total of 1500 households in rural Tanzania will participate in this cluster randomized controlled trial. Households will be randomized into one of three cohorts: (1) a control group receiving a basic intervention and 1 placebo household visit, (2) an intervention group receiving a basic intervention + 9 additional household visits which are contextualized to the setting using the RANAS approach, and (3) an intervention group receiving a basic intervention + 9 additional household visits, which are not contextualized, i.e., a general intervention. Assessments will take place at a baseline, 1 and 2 years after the start of the intervention, and 1 year after the completion of the intervention. Measurements involve questionnaires and spot checks. The primary outcome is hand-washing behavior, secondary objectives include, the impact on latrine use, health, WASH infrastructure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Dockx & Hans Van Remoortel & Emmy De Buck & Charlotte Schelstraete & An Vanderheyden & Tiene Lievens & John Thomas Kinyagu & Simon Mamuya & Philippe Vandekerckhove, 2019. "Effect of Contextualized Versus Non-Contextualized Interventions for Improving Hand Washing, Sanitation, and Health in Rural Tanzania: Study Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-12, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2529-:d:248612
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/14/2529/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/14/2529/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Friedrich, Max N.D. & Kappler, Andreas & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2018. "Enhancing handwashing frequency and technique of primary caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial using behavioral and microbial outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 66-76.
    2. Contzen, Nadja & Meili, Iara Helena & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2015. "Changing handwashing behaviour in southern Ethiopia: A longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 103-114.
    3. Tumwebaze, Innocent K. & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2015. "Effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving cleaning behaviour of shared sanitation users in Kampala, Uganda slums," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 72-79.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Harter, Miriam & Inauen, Jennifer & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2020. "How does Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) promote latrine construction, and can it be improved? A cluster-randomized controlled trial in Ghana," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    2. Jonathan Lilje & Hans-Joachim Mosler, 2016. "Continuation of Health Behaviors: Psychosocial Factors Sustaining Drinking Water Chlorination in a Longitudinal Study from Chad," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-20, November.
    3. Inauen, Jennifer & Lilje, Jonathan & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2020. "Refining hand washing interventions by identifying active ingredients: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Zimbabwe," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    4. Abraham Marshall Nunbogu & Miriam Harter & Hans-Joachim Mosler, 2019. "Factors Associated with Levels of Latrine Completion and Consequent Latrine Use in Northern Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Monica Nzanga & Mindy Panulo & Tracy Morse & Kondwani Chidziwisano, 2022. "Adherence to Hand Hygiene among Nurses and Clinicians at Chiradzulu District Hospital, Southern Malawi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-11, September.
    6. Tracy Morse & Kondwani Chidziwisano & Elizabeth Tilley & Rossanie Malolo & Save Kumwenda & Janelisa Musaya & Sandy Cairncross, 2019. "Developing a Contextually Appropriate Integrated Hygiene Intervention to Achieve Sustained Reductions in Diarrheal Diseases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-17, August.
    7. Emmy De Buck & Hans Van Remoortel & Karin Hannes & Thashlin Govender & Selvan Naidoo & Bert Avau & Axel Vande Veegaete & Alfred Musekiwa & Vittoria Lutje & Margaret Cargo & Hans‐Joachim Mosler & Phili, 2017. "Approaches to promote handwashing and sanitation behaviour change in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a mixed method systematic review," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 1-447.
    8. Friedrich, Max N.D. & Kappler, Andreas & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2018. "Enhancing handwashing frequency and technique of primary caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial using behavioral and microbial outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 66-76.
    9. YuJung Julia Lee & Tiffany Radcliff, 2021. "Community interactions and sanitation use by the urban poor: Survey evidence from India’s slums," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 58(4), pages 715-732, March.
    10. McMichael, Celia & Robinson, Priscilla, 2016. "Drivers of sustained hygiene behaviour change: A case study from mid-western Nepal," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 28-36.
    11. Jurgita Slekiene & Kondwani Chidziwisano & Tracy Morse, 2022. "Does Poor Mental Health Impair the Effectiveness of Complementary Food Hygiene Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Malawi?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-12, August.
    12. Hugo Legge & Shahana Fedele & Florian Preusser & Patrycja Stys & Papy Muzuri & Moritz Schuberth & Robert Dreibelbis, 2022. "Urban Water Access and Use in the Kivus: Evaluating Behavioural Outcomes Following an Integrated WASH Intervention in Goma and Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-15, January.
    13. Aaron Lawson & Marie Vaganay-Miller, 2019. "The Effectiveness of a Poster Intervention on Hand Hygiene Practice and Compliance When Using Public Restrooms in a University Setting," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    14. Legge, Hugo & Fedele, Shahana & Preusser, Florian & Stys, Patrycja & Muzuri, Papy & Schuberth, Moritz & Dreibelbis, Robert, 2022. "Urban water access and use in the Kivus: evaluating behavioural outcomes following an integrated WASH intervention in Goma and Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 113562, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    15. Tess Shiras & Oliver Cumming & Joe Brown & Becelar Muneme & Rassul Nala & Robert Dreibelbis, 2018. "Shared Sanitation Management and the Role of Social Capital: Findings from an Urban Sanitation Intervention in Maputo, Mozambique," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, October.
    16. Kondwani Chidziwisano & Elizabeth Tilley & Tracy Morse, 2020. "Self-Reported Versus Observed Measures: Validation of Child Caregiver Food Hygiene Practices in Rural Malawi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-14, June.
    17. Daniel Carrión & Rebecca Prah & Theresa Tawiah & Oscar Agyei & Mieks Twumasi & Mohammed Mujtaba & Darby Jack & Kwaku Poku Asante, 2021. "Enhancing LPG Adoption in Ghana (ELAG): A Trial Testing Policy-Relevant Interventions to Increase Sustained Use of Clean Fuels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-12, February.
    18. Watson, Julie & Cumming, Oliver & MacDougall, Amy & Czerniewska, Alexandra & Dreibelbis, Robert, 2021. "Effectiveness of behaviour change techniques used in hand hygiene interventions targeting older children – A systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    19. Anna E. Gamma & Jurgita Slekiene & Hans-Joachim Mosler, 2019. "The Impact of Various Promotional Activities on Ebola Prevention Behaviors and Psychosocial Factors Predicting Ebola Prevention Behaviors in the Gambia Evaluation of Ebola Prevention Promotions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-18, June.
    20. Robert Dreibelbis & Anne Kroeger & Kamal Hossain & Mohini Venkatesh & Pavani K. Ram, 2016. "Behavior Change without Behavior Change Communication: Nudging Handwashing among Primary School Students in Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-7, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2529-:d:248612. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.