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Effect of Contextualized Versus Non-Contextualized Interventions for Improving Hand Washing, Sanitation, and Health in Rural Tanzania: Study Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Kim Dockx

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Hans Van Remoortel

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Emmy De Buck

    (Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium
    Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium)

  • Charlotte Schelstraete

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • An Vanderheyden

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • Tiene Lievens

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium)

  • John Thomas Kinyagu

    (Tanzania Red Cross Society, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)

  • Simon Mamuya

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania)

  • Philippe Vandekerckhove

    (Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen 2800, Belgium
    Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium)

Abstract

Nearly 90% of diarrhea-related mortalities are the result of unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Although “Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene” (WASH) interventions may significantly reduce the risk of diarrheal disease, it is currently unclear which interventions are the most effective. In this study, we aim to determine the importance of contextualizing a WASH intervention to the local context and the needs for increasing impact (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03709368). A total of 1500 households in rural Tanzania will participate in this cluster randomized controlled trial. Households will be randomized into one of three cohorts: (1) a control group receiving a basic intervention and 1 placebo household visit, (2) an intervention group receiving a basic intervention + 9 additional household visits which are contextualized to the setting using the RANAS approach, and (3) an intervention group receiving a basic intervention + 9 additional household visits, which are not contextualized, i.e., a general intervention. Assessments will take place at a baseline, 1 and 2 years after the start of the intervention, and 1 year after the completion of the intervention. Measurements involve questionnaires and spot checks. The primary outcome is hand-washing behavior, secondary objectives include, the impact on latrine use, health, WASH infrastructure, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Dockx & Hans Van Remoortel & Emmy De Buck & Charlotte Schelstraete & An Vanderheyden & Tiene Lievens & John Thomas Kinyagu & Simon Mamuya & Philippe Vandekerckhove, 2019. "Effect of Contextualized Versus Non-Contextualized Interventions for Improving Hand Washing, Sanitation, and Health in Rural Tanzania: Study Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2529-:d:248612
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Contzen, Nadja & Meili, Iara Helena & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2015. "Changing handwashing behaviour in southern Ethiopia: A longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 103-114.
    2. Friedrich, Max N.D. & Kappler, Andreas & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2018. "Enhancing handwashing frequency and technique of primary caregivers in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cluster-randomized controlled trial using behavioral and microbial outcomes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 66-76.
    3. Tumwebaze, Innocent K. & Mosler, Hans-Joachim, 2015. "Effectiveness of group discussions and commitment in improving cleaning behaviour of shared sanitation users in Kampala, Uganda slums," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 72-79.
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