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Spatiotemporal Variations and Factors of Air Quality in Urban Central China during 2013–2015

Author

Listed:
  • Mao Mao

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Xiaolin Zhang

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yamei Shao

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

  • Yan Yin

    (Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China)

Abstract

Spatiotemporal behaviors of particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) and trace gases (SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and O 3 ) in Hefei during the period from December 2013 to November 2015 are investigated. The mean annual PM 2.5 (PM 10 ) concentrations are 89.1 ± 59.4 µg/m 3 (118.9 ± 66.8 µg/m 3 ) and 61.6 ± 32.2 µg/m 3 (91.3 ± 40.9 µg/m 3 ) during 2014 and 2015, respectively, remarkably exceeding the Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) grade II. All trace gases basically meet the requirements though NO 2 and O 3 have a certain upward trend. Old districts have the highest pollution levels, followed by urban periphery sites and new districts. Severe haze pollution occurs in Hefei, with frequent exceedances in particulate matter with 178 (91) days in 2014 (2015). The abnormal PM 2.5 concentrations in June 2014 attributed to agricultural biomass burning from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometry (MODIS) wildfire maps and aerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis. PM 2.5 is recognized as the major pollutant, and a longer interspecies relationship is found between PM 2.5 and other criteria pollutants for episode days as compared to non-episode days. The air pollution in Hefei tends to be influenced by local primary emissions, secondary formation, and regional transport from adjacent cities and remote regions. Most areas of Anhui, southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, and western Shandong are identified as the common high-potential source regions of PM 2.5 . Approximately 9.44 and 8.53 thousand premature mortalities are attributed to PM 2.5 exposure in 2014 and 2015. The mortality benefits will be 32% (24%), 47% (41%), 70% (67%), and 85% (83%) of the total premature mortalities in 2014 (2015) when PM 2.5 concentrations meet the CAAQS grade II, the World Health Organization (WHO) IT-2, IT-3, and Air Quality Guideline, respectively. Hence, joint pollution prevention and control measures need to be strengthened due to pollutant regional diffusion, and much higher health benefits could be achieved as the Hefei government adopts more stringent WHO guidelines for PM 2.5 .

Suggested Citation

  • Mao Mao & Xiaolin Zhang & Yamei Shao & Yan Yin, 2019. "Spatiotemporal Variations and Factors of Air Quality in Urban Central China during 2013–2015," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2019:i:1:p:229-:d:302786
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mao Mao & Xiaolin Zhang & Yan Yin, 2018. "Particulate Matter and Gaseous Pollutions in Three Metropolises along the Chinese Yangtze River: Situation and Implications," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-29, May.
    2. Dongyang Nie & Mindong Chen & Yun Wu & Xinlei Ge & Jianlin Hu & Kai Zhang & Pengxiang Ge, 2018. "Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Associated Health Burden in Nanjing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, March.
    3. J. Lelieveld & J. S. Evans & M. Fnais & D. Giannadaki & A. Pozzer, 2015. "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale," Nature, Nature, vol. 525(7569), pages 367-371, September.
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    2. Nishit Aman & Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon & Natchanok Pala-En & Bikash Devkota & Muanfun Inerb & Eakkachai Kokkaew, 2023. "A Study of Urban Haze and Its Association with Cold Surge and Sea Breeze for Greater Bangkok," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-19, February.

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