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Heatwave Events and Mortality Outcomes in Memphis, Tennessee: Testing Effect Modification by Socioeconomic Status and Urbanicity

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  • Ying Li

    (Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA)

  • Cem Akkus

    (School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
    Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA)

  • Xinhua Yu

    (School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA)

  • Andrew Joyner

    (Department of Geosciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA)

  • Jennifer Kmet

    (Shelby County Health Department, Memphis, TN 38105, USA)

  • David Sweat

    (Shelby County Health Department, Memphis, TN 38105, USA)

  • Chunrong Jia

    (School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA)

Abstract

Heatwave studies typically estimate heat-related mortality and morbidity risks at the city level; few have addressed the heterogeneous risks by socioeconomic status (SES) and location within a city. This study aimed to examine the impacts of heatwaves on mortality outcomes in Memphis, Tennessee, a Mid-South metropolitan area top-ranked in morbidity and poverty rates, and to investigate the effects of SES and urbanicity. Mortality data were retrieved from the death records in 2008–2017, and temperature data from the Applied Climate Information System. Heatwave days were defined based on four temperature metrics. Heatwave effects on daily total-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were evaluated using Poisson regression, accounting for temporal trends, sociodemographic factors, urbanicity, and air pollution. We found higher cardiovascular mortality risk (cumulative RR (relative risk) = 1.25, 95% CI (confidence interval): 1.01–1.55) in heatwave days defined as those with maximum daily temperature >95th percentile for more than two consecutive days. The effects of heatwaves on mortality did not differ by SES, race, or urbanicity. The findings of this study provided evidence to support future heatwave planning and studies of heatwave and health impacts at a coarser geographic resolution.

Suggested Citation

  • Ying Li & Cem Akkus & Xinhua Yu & Andrew Joyner & Jennifer Kmet & David Sweat & Chunrong Jia, 2019. "Heatwave Events and Mortality Outcomes in Memphis, Tennessee: Testing Effect Modification by Socioeconomic Status and Urbanicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:22:p:4568-:d:288304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chunrong Jia & Wesley James & Satish Kedia, 2014. "Relationship of Racial Composition and Cancer Risks from Air Toxics Exposure in Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.A," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-12, July.
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    5. Mengxuan Li & Benjamin A. Shaw & Wangjian Zhang & Elizabeth Vásquez & Shao Lin, 2019. "Impact of Extremely Hot Days on Emergency Department Visits for Cardiovascular Disease among Older Adults in New York State," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-13, June.
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    1. Fadly Syah Arsad & Rozita Hod & Norfazilah Ahmad & Rohaida Ismail & Norlen Mohamed & Mazni Baharom & Yelmizaitun Osman & Mohd Firdaus Mohd Radi & Fredolin Tangang, 2022. "The Impact of Heatwaves on Mortality and Morbidity and the Associated Vulnerability Factors: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-22, December.
    2. Fei Li & Tan Yigitcanlar & Madhav Nepal & Kien Nguyen Thanh & Fatih Dur, 2022. "Understanding Urban Heat Vulnerability Assessment Methods: A PRISMA Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-34, September.

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