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The Impact of Heatwaves on Mortality and Morbidity and the Associated Vulnerability Factors: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Fadly Syah Arsad

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

  • Rozita Hod

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

  • Norfazilah Ahmad

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

  • Rohaida Ismail

    (Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia)

  • Norlen Mohamed

    (Environmental Health Unit, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia)

  • Mazni Baharom

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia)

  • Yelmizaitun Osman

    (Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Bharu 15590, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Firdaus Mohd Radi

    (Surveillance Unit, Kedah State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar 05400, Malaysia)

  • Fredolin Tangang

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: This study aims to investigate the current impacts of extreme temperature and heatwaves on human health in terms of both mortality and morbidity. This systematic review analyzed the impact of heatwaves on mortality, morbidity, and the associated vulnerability factors, focusing on the sensitivity component. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow checklist. Four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, PubMed) were searched for articles published from 2012 to 2022. Those eligible were evaluated using the Navigation Guide Systematic Review framework. Results: A total of 32 articles were included in the systematic review. Heatwave events increased mortality and morbidity incidence. Sociodemographic (elderly, children, male, female, low socioeconomic, low education), medical conditions (cardiopulmonary diseases, renal disease, diabetes, mental disease), and rural areas were crucial vulnerability factors. Conclusions: While mortality and morbidity are critical aspects for measuring the impact of heatwaves on human health, the sensitivity in the context of sociodemographic, medical conditions, and locality posed a higher vulnerability to certain groups. Therefore, further research on climate change and health impacts on vulnerability may help stakeholders strategize effective plans to reduce the effect of heatwaves.

Suggested Citation

  • Fadly Syah Arsad & Rozita Hod & Norfazilah Ahmad & Rohaida Ismail & Norlen Mohamed & Mazni Baharom & Yelmizaitun Osman & Mohd Firdaus Mohd Radi & Fredolin Tangang, 2022. "The Impact of Heatwaves on Mortality and Morbidity and the Associated Vulnerability Factors: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:23:p:16356-:d:995178
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Denis Maragno & Michele Dalla Fontana & Francesco Musco, 2020. "Mapping Heat Stress Vulnerability and Risk Assessment at the Neighborhood Scale to Drive Urban Adaptation Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-16, February.
    2. Hasan Sohail & Virpi Kollanus & Pekka Tiittanen & Alexandra Schneider & Timo Lanki, 2020. "Heat, Heatwaves and Cardiorespiratory Hospital Admissions in Helsinki, Finland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-11, October.
    3. Cinoo Kang & Chaerin Park & Whanhee Lee & Nazife Pehlivan & Munjeong Choi & Jeongju Jang & Ho Kim, 2020. "Heatwave-Related Mortality Risk and the Risk-Based Definition of Heat Wave in South Korea: A Nationwide Time-Series Study for 2011–2017," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Ross Thompson & Owen Landeg & Ishani Kar-Purkayastha & Shakoor Hajat & Sari Kovats & Emer O’Connell, 2022. "Heatwave Mortality in Summer 2020 in England: An Observational Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-11, May.
    5. Ying Li & Cem Akkus & Xinhua Yu & Andrew Joyner & Jennifer Kmet & David Sweat & Chunrong Jia, 2019. "Heatwave Events and Mortality Outcomes in Memphis, Tennessee: Testing Effect Modification by Socioeconomic Status and Urbanicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-14, November.
    6. Qi Zhao & Shanshan Li & Micheline S Z S Coelho & Paulo H N Saldiva & Kejia Hu & Rachel R Huxley & Michael J Abramson & Yuming Guo, 2019. "The association between heatwaves and risk of hospitalization in Brazil: A nationwide time series study between 2000 and 2015," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-16, February.
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    3. Huihui Wang & Yunsong Yang & Suru Liu & Hanyu Xue & Tingting Xu & Wanlin He & Xiaoyong Gao & Ruifeng Jiang, 2024. "Unveiling the Coupling Coordination and Interaction Mechanism between the Local Heat Island Effect and Urban Resilience in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-28, March.
    4. Evgenia Tousi & Areti Tseliou & Athina Mela & Maria Sinou & Zoe Kanetaki & Sébastien Jacques, 2024. "Exploring Thermal Discomfort during Mediterranean Heatwaves through Softscape and Hardscape ENVI-Met Simulation Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-37, July.

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