IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v16y2019i20p3926-d276929.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Selecting and Performing Service-Learning in a Team-Based Learning Format Fosters Dissonance, Reflective Capacity, Self-Examination, Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in Prospective Medical Students

Author

Listed:
  • Alexis Horst

    (Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

  • Brian D. Schwartz

    (Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

  • Jenifer A. Fisher

    (Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

  • Nicole Michels

    (Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

  • Lon J. Van Winkle

    (Department of Medical Humanities, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S. Chambers Road, Parker, CO 80134, USA)

Abstract

More compassionate behavior should make both patients and their providers happier and healthier. Consequently, work to increase this behavior ought to be a major component of premedical and medical education. Interactions between doctors and patients are often less than fully compassionate owing to implicit biases against patients. Such biases adversely affect treatment, adherence, and health outcomes. For these reasons, we studied whether selecting and performing service-learning projects by teams of prospective medical students prompts them to write reflections exhibiting dissonance, self-examination, bias mitigation, dissonance reconciliation, and compassionate behavior. Not only did these students report changes in their behavior to become more compassionate, but their reflective capacity also grew in association with selecting and performing team service-learning projects. Components of reflective capacity, such as reflection-on-action and self-appraisal, correlated strongly with cognitive empathy (a component of compassion) in these students. Our results are, however, difficult to generalize to other universities and other preprofessional and professional healthcare programs. Hence, we encourage others to test further our hypothesis that provocative experiences foster frequent self-examination and more compassionate behavior by preprofessional and professional healthcare students, especially when teams of students are free to make their own meaning of, and build trust and psychological safety in, shared experiences.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexis Horst & Brian D. Schwartz & Jenifer A. Fisher & Nicole Michels & Lon J. Van Winkle, 2019. "Selecting and Performing Service-Learning in a Team-Based Learning Format Fosters Dissonance, Reflective Capacity, Self-Examination, Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in Prospective Medical ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3926-:d:276929
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3926/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/20/3926/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Myriam Mongrain & Jacqueline Chin & Leah Shapira, 2011. "Practicing Compassion Increases Happiness and Self-Esteem," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 12(6), pages 963-981, December.
    2. Hall, W.J. & Chapman, M.V. & Lee, K.M. & Merino, Y.M. & Thomas, T.W. & Payne, B.K. & Eng, E. & Day, S.H. & Coyne-Beasley, T., 2015. "Implicit racial/ethnic bias among health care professionals and its influence on health care outcomes: A systematic review," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 105(12), pages 60-76.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Lon J. Van Winkle & Brian D. Schwartz & Alexis Horst & Jensen A. Fisher & Nicole Michels & Bradley O. Thornock, 2021. "Impact of a Pandemic and Remote Learning on Team Development and Elements of Compassion in Prospective Medical Students Taking a Medical Humanities Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-15, May.
    2. Brian D. Schwartz & Alexis Horst & Jenifer A. Fisher & Nicole Michels & Lon J. Van Winkle, 2020. "Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Brian D. Schwartz & Alexis Horst & Jenifer A. Fisher & Nicole Michels & Lon J. Van Winkle, 2020. "Fostering Empathy, Implicit Bias Mitigation, and Compassionate Behavior in a Medical Humanities Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Lon J. Van Winkle & Brian D. Schwartz & Alexis Horst & Jensen A. Fisher & Nicole Michels & Bradley O. Thornock, 2021. "Impact of a Pandemic and Remote Learning on Team Development and Elements of Compassion in Prospective Medical Students Taking a Medical Humanities Course," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Chapman, Mimi V. & Hall, William J. & Lee, Kent & Colby, Robert & Coyne-Beasley, Tamera & Day, Steve & Eng, Eugenia & Lightfoot, Alexandra F. & Merino, Yesenia & Simán, Florence M. & Thomas, Tainayah , 2018. "Making a difference in medical trainees' attitudes toward Latino patients: A pilot study of an intervention to modify implicit and explicit attitudes," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 202-208.
    4. Carla Brailey & Brittany C. Slatton, 2024. "Centering Black Women’s Voices: Illuminating Systemic Racism in Maternal Healthcare Experiences," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-12, May.
    5. Muhammad Nadim & Mueen Aizaz Zafar, 2021. "Evaluation of Nurses’ Job Engagement as an Outcome of Experienced Compassion in the Workplace, Using the Lens of Affective Event Theory," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(4), pages 21582440211, November.
    6. Ádám Stefkovics & Endre Sik, 2022. "What Drives Happiness? The Interviewer’s Happiness," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 2745-2762, August.
    7. Mark R. Umbricht & Frank Fernandez & Guillermo Ortega, 2023. "The Blind Side of College Athletics: Examining California’s Student Athlete Bill of Rights and Athletic Expenditures," Research in Higher Education, Springer;Association for Institutional Research, vol. 64(1), pages 33-57, February.
    8. Ursula Meidert & Godela Dönnges & Thomas Bucher & Frank Wieber & Andreas Gerber-Grote, 2023. "Unconscious Bias among Health Professionals: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(16), pages 1-28, August.
    9. Rosana L. Bravo & Ángela Gutiérrez & Lené F. Levy‐Storms, 2022. "Patient‐Provider Relationships in an All‐Inclusive Specialized Geriatric Program: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study among Older Foreign‐Born Latinos with Multimorbidities," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(2), pages 191-214, September.
    10. Bastos, João L. & Harnois, Catherine E. & Paradies, Yin C., 2018. "Health care barriers, racism, and intersectionality in Australia," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 209-218.
    11. Jill Furzer & Boriana Miloucheva, 2020. "The Long Arm of the Clean Air Act: Pollution Abatement and COVID-19 Racial Disparities," Working Papers tecipa-668, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
    12. Abeliansky, Ana Lucia & Erel, Devin & Strulik, Holger, 2019. "Aging in the USA: Similarities and disparities across time and space," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 384, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    13. Scherr, Courtney L. & Getachew-Smith, Hannah J. & Sudec, Laura & Brooks, John J. & Roberts, Megan, 2020. "Parents’ sensemaking processes in the identification of developmental delays and engagement with early intervention services," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    14. Badri Bajaj & Ragini Gupta & Santoshi Sengupta, 2019. "Emotional Stability and Self-Esteem as Mediators Between Mindfulness and Happiness," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 20(7), pages 2211-2226, October.
    15. Akinade, Temitope & Kheyfets, Anna & Piverger, Naissa & Layne, Tracy M. & Howell, Elizabeth A. & Janevic, Teresa, 2023. "The influence of racial-ethnic discrimination on women's health care outcomes: A mixed methods systematic review," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 316(C).
    16. Levchenko, Yuliana, 2021. "Aging into disadvantage: Disability crossover among Mexican immigrants in America," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    17. Cheryl A. Vamos & Tara R. Foti & Estefanny Reyes Martinez & Zoe Pointer & Linda A. Detman & William M. Sappenfield, 2023. "Identification of Clinician Training Techniques as an Implementation Strategy to Improve Maternal Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(11), pages 1-19, May.
    18. Shelton, Katherine H. & Haddock, Geoffrey & Ottaway, Heather, 2018. "The attitudes of medical professionals toward children and children at risk of separation from parents in Eastern Europe," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 26-33.
    19. Maina, Ivy W. & Belton, Tanisha D. & Ginzberg, Sara & Singh, Ajit & Johnson, Tiffani J., 2018. "A decade of studying implicit racial/ethnic bias in healthcare providers using the implicit association test," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 219-229.
    20. Carmela A White & Bob Uttl & Mark D Holder, 2019. "Meta-analyses of positive psychology interventions: The effects are much smaller than previously reported," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-48, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:20:p:3926-:d:276929. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.