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Perceived Discrimination and Stigma in the Context of the Long-Term Care Insurance Law from the Perspectives of Arabs and the Jews in the North of Israel

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  • Liat Ayalon

    (School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel)

Abstract

The Long-Term Care Insurance Law provides support to older Israelis who wish to remain in their home. The present study evaluated the experience of perceived discrimination and stigma in the context of the law among Arab older adults, their family members, and their paid home care workers. For triangulation purposes, we interviewed 15 National Insurance Institute workers (NII; responsible for implementing the law; 47% Arab), 31 older adults (81% Arab), 31 family members (87% Arab), and six paid home care workers (83% Arab) in the north of Israel. Respondents were queried about their home care experience and their encounter with the NII. Thematic analysis was conducted. Four main themes emerged: (a) a strong sense of perceived discrimination among Arab interviewees, (b) reports suggesting the internalization of stigma and the adoption of negative views regarding the Arab population by some Arab respondents, (c) implicit stigma manifested in claims concerning the Arab population (primarily) as “cheating” the system, and (d) the negation of discrimination of Arabs as reported by Jewish interviewees and NII workers. The findings show that a sense of perceived discrimination is common and colors the experience of service seeking among Arabs. On the other hand, the Jewish interviewees in this study completely negated any discrimination or stigma directed toward Arabs. The findings point to the importance of group affiliation (e.g., minority vs. majority) in interpreting the existence of discrimination. The findings likely have major implications for both service providers and policy-makers and legislators.

Suggested Citation

  • Liat Ayalon, 2019. "Perceived Discrimination and Stigma in the Context of the Long-Term Care Insurance Law from the Perspectives of Arabs and the Jews in the North of Israel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-17, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:19:p:3511-:d:269204
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marianne Bertrand & Dolly Chugh & Sendhil Mullainathan, 2005. "Implicit Discrimination," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(2), pages 94-98, May.
    2. Whetten, K. & Leserman, J. & Whetten, R. & Ostermann, J. & Thielman, N. & Swartz, M. & Stangl, D., 2006. "Exploring lack of trust in care providers and the government as a barrier to health service use," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 96(4), pages 716-721.
    3. Revital Bar & Asaf Zussman, 2017. "Customer Discrimination: Evidence from Israel," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 35(4), pages 1031-1059.
    4. Musa, D. & Schulz, R. & Harris, R. & Silverman, M. & Thomas, S.B., 2009. "Trust in the health care system and the use of preventive health services by older black and white adults," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(7), pages 1293-1299.
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