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Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Pollutants Based on Numerical Modeling

Author

Listed:
  • Xue Bai

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

  • Kai Song

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

  • Jian Liu

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

  • Adam Khalifa Mohamed

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

  • Chenya Mou

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

  • Dan Liu

    (Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China)

Abstract

To provide theoretical support for the protection of dispersed drinking water sources of groundwater, we need to accurately evaluate the time and scope of groundwater pollution hazards to human health. This helps the decision-making process for remediation of polluted soil and groundwater in service stations. In this study, we conducted such an evaluation by coupling numerical modeling with a health risk assessment. During the research, soil and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for 20 pollutants. Fifty-six percent of the heavy contaminants and 100% of the organic contaminants exhibited maximum values at the location of the oil depot. Gray correlation analysis showed that the correlation between background samples and soil underlying the depot was 0.375–0.567 (barely significant to insignificant). The correlation between the reference sequence of other points was 0.950–0.990 (excellent correlation). The correlation of environmental impact after oil depot leakage followed the order: organic pollutants > heavy metals > inorganic pollutants. The groundwater simulation status and predictions indicated that non-carcinogenic health risks covered 25,462 m 2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 29,593 m 2 after five years and to 39,873 m 2 after 10 years. Carcinogenic health risks covered 21,390 m 2 at the time of investigation, and were predicted to extend to 40,093 m 2 after five years and to 53,488 m 2 after 10 years. This study provides theoretical support for the protection of a dispersed drinking water source such as groundwater, and also helps the decision-making process for groundwater and soil environment improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Xue Bai & Kai Song & Jian Liu & Adam Khalifa Mohamed & Chenya Mou & Dan Liu, 2019. "Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Pollutants Based on Numerical Modeling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:18:p:3245-:d:264038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caiyun Sun & Jiquan Zhang & Qiyun Ma & Yanan Chen, 2015. "Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Source Water from a Large Mixed-Use Reservoir," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Muting Yan & Huayue Nie & Wenjing Wang & Yumei Huang & Jun Wang, 2018. "Occurrence and Toxicological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Drinking Water Resources of Southern China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Abiodun O. Adeniji & Omobola O. Okoh & Anthony I. Okoh, 2017. "Petroleum Hydrocarbon Profiles of Water and Sediment of Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Ching-Ping Liang & Yi-Chi Chien & Cheng-Shin Jang & Ching-Fang Chen & Jui-Sheng Chen, 2017. "Spatial Analysis of Human Health Risk Due to Arsenic Exposure through Drinking Groundwater in Taiwan’s Pingtung Plain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Jan Skála & Radim Vácha & Pavel Čupr, 2018. "Which Compounds Contribute Most to Elevated Soil Pollution and the Corresponding Health Risks in Floodplains in the Headwater Areas of the Central European Watershed?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    6. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2015. "Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Liang Xiao & Yong Zhou & He Huang & Yu-Jie Liu & Ke Li & Meng-Yao Li & Yang Tian & Fei Wu, 2020. "Application of Geostatistical Analysis and Random Forest for Source Analysis and Human Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Arable Land Soil," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Guanru Zhang & Peng Lu & Yi Huang, 2023. "The Interference of Pre-Processing Software for the Numerical Simulation of Groundwater on the Cognition of Environmental Students: Model Mesh Construction as an Example," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Fei Wang & Kai Song & Xuelian He & Yue Peng & Dan Liu & Jian Liu, 2021. "Identification of Groundwater Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of a Landfill in a Low Permeability Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Eden Alexandre Nsimba & Ntokozo Malaza & Thandazile Marazula, 2023. "Protecting Cape Town’s Groundwater from Fuel Stations: An In-Depth Analysis of Regulatory Requirements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-13, October.
    5. Rebekah G. K. Hinton & Christopher J. A. Macleod & Mads Troldborg & Modesta B. Kanjaye & Robert M. Kalin, 2023. "The Status of Sanitation in Malawi: Is SDG6.2 Achievable?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(15), pages 1-20, August.

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