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Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments

Author

Listed:
  • Benjamin Edokpolo

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia)

  • Qiming Jimmy Yu

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia)

  • Des Connell

    (Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia)

Abstract

The health risk resulting from benzene exposure in petroleum refineries was calculated using data from the scientific literature from various countries throughout the world. The exposure data was collated into four scenarios from petroleum refinery environments and plotted as cumulative probability distributions (CPD) plots. Health risk was evaluated for each scenario using the Hazard Quotient (HQ) at 50% (C EXP50 ) and 95% (C EXP95 ) exposure levels. Benzene levels were estimated to pose a significant risk with HQ 50 > 1 and HQ 95 > 1 for workers exposed to benzene as base estimates for petroleum refinery workers (Scenario 1), petroleum refinery workers evaluated with personal samplers in Bulgarian refineries (Scenario 2B) and evaluated using air inside petroleum refineries in Bulgarian refineries (Scenario 3B). HQ 50 < 1 were calculated for petroleum refinery workers with personal samplers in Italian refineries (Scenario 2A), air inside petroleum refineries (Scenario 3A) and air outside petroleum refineries (Scenario 4) in India and Taiwan indicating little possible adverse health effects. Also, HQ 95 was < 1 for Scenario 4 however potential risk was evaluated for Scenarios 2A and 3A with HQ 95 > 1. The excess Cancer risk (CR) for lifetime exposure to benzene for all the scenarios was evaluated using the Slope Factor and Overall Risk Probability (ORP) methods. The result suggests a potential cancer risk for exposure to benzene in all the scenarios. However, there is a higher cancer risk at 95% (C EXP95 ) for petroleum refinery workers (2B) with a CR of 48,000 per 10 6 and exposure to benzene in air inside petroleum refineries (3B) with a CR of 28,000 per 10 6 .

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2015. "Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:12:y:2015:i:1:p:595-610:d:44553
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2014. "Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tapani Tuomi & Henna Veijalainen & Tiina Santonen, 2018. "Managing Exposure to Benzene and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons at Two Oil Refineries 1977–2014," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-15, January.
    2. Nerlis Pajaro-Castro & Karina Caballero-Gallardo & Jesus Olivero-Verbel, 2017. "Toxicity of Naphthalene and Benzene on Tribollium castaneum Herbst," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-10, June.
    3. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-9, July.
    4. Xue Bai & Kai Song & Jian Liu & Adam Khalifa Mohamed & Chenya Mou & Dan Liu, 2019. "Health Risk Assessment of Groundwater Contaminated by Oil Pollutants Based on Numerical Modeling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-20, September.
    5. Mei Wang & Deyang Kong & Lang Liu & Guoming Wen & Fan Zhang, 2024. "In Situ Conductive Heating for Thermal Desorption of Volatile Organic-Contaminated Soil Based on Solar Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-20, October.
    6. Masilu Daniel Masekameni & Raeesa Moolla & Mary Gulumian & Derk Brouwer, 2018. "Risk Assessment of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylene Concentrations from the Combustion of Coal in a Controlled Laboratory Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-18, December.

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