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Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers

Author

Listed:
  • Sunisa Chaiklieng

    (Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri

    (Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand)

  • Herman Autrup

    (Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark)

Abstract

Benzene is a human carcinogen presented in gasoline (1% by volume). It is also found in vehicle exhaust. The aim of this study was to assess the health risk of inhalation exposure to benzene among gasoline station workers. The ambient benzene concentration was measured by personal sampling from 150 gasoline station workers (137 fueling workers and 13 cashiers). Additional data of working characteristics were collected by interviews and on-site observations. All workers were non-smokers and passive smoking was limited. Risk assessment of inhalation exposure was determined using the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), and showed a high risk of adverse health effect (Hazard Quotients (HQ) >1) in 51.33% of workers. The cancer risk was increased from 1.35 × 10 −8 to 1.52 × 10 −4 , and 70.67% of the workers had a lifetime cancer risk (>Inhalation Unit Risk (IUR): 2.2 × 10 −6 ). A significantly higher risk was found in fueling workers compared to cashiers, and in workers at gasoline stations in inner-city zones (suburban and urban), compared to rural zones. All risk estimations were based upon a single measurement in an eight hour working period, which was assumed to be the average shift length for all working days in a year (250 days). The increased health risk suggests that there should be health surveillance for workers in order to protect them from exposure to benzene. In addition to benzene, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in gasoline may influence health outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Risk Assessment on Benzene Exposure among Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-9, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:14:p:2545-:d:248979
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lihui Huang & Jinhan Mo & Jan Sundell & Zhihua Fan & Yinping Zhang, 2013. "Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Formaldehyde and Benzene in Newly Remodeled Buildings, Beijing," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-8, November.
    2. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2014. "Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Air Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) in Service Station Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Raeesa Moolla & Christopher J. Curtis & Jasper Knight, 2015. "Occupational Exposure of Diesel Station Workers to BTEX Compounds at a Bus Depot," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Benjamin Edokpolo & Qiming Jimmy Yu & Des Connell, 2015. "Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Benzene in Petroleum Refinery Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Umakorn Tongsantia & Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Sari Andajani & Herman Autrup, 2021. "Factors Affecting Adverse Health Effects of Gasoline Station Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-12, September.
    2. Barbara Rodrigues Geraldino & Rafaella Ferreira Nascimento Nunes & Juliana Barroso Gomes & Isabela Giardini & Paula Vieira Baptista da Silva & Élida Campos & Katia Soares da Poça & Rocio Hassan & Ubir, 2020. "Analysis of Benzene Exposure in Gas Station Workers Using Trans,Trans-Muconic Acid," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-13, July.
    3. Sunisa Chaiklieng & Pornnapa Suggaravetsiri & Norbert Kaminski & Herman Autrup, 2019. "Factors Affecting Urinary tt-Muconic Acid Detection among Benzene Exposed Workers at Gasoline Stations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-11, October.
    4. Kristal Pech & Norma Pérez-Herrera & Ángel Antonio Vértiz-Hernández & Martín Lajous & Paulina Farías, 2023. "Health Risk Assessment in Children Occupationally and Para-Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Using a Reverse-Translation PBPK Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Xiangjing Gao & Peng Wang & Yong Hu & Yiyao Cao & Weiming Yuan & Yuqing Luan & Changjian Quan & Zhen Zhou & Hua Zou, 2023. "Exposure Concentrations and Inhalation Risk of Submicron Particles in a Gasoline Station—A Pilot Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-13, June.

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