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Assessment of Leaching Characteristics of Solidified Products Containing Secondary Alkaline Lead Slag

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  • Marija Štulović

    (Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Dragana Radovanović

    (Innovation Center of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Željko Kamberović

    (Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Marija Korać

    (Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Zoran Anđić

    (Innovation Center of Faculty of Chemistry in Belgrade Ltd., University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia)

Abstract

Reuse of waste is one of the main principles of sustainable development and circular economy. Secondary alkaline lead slag is a hazardous waste generated in the recycling process of lead-acid batteries that may be suitable in construction materials. The environmental impact of the use of lead slag as a partial replacement of fine aggregates in the cement-based stabilization/solidification (S/S) process for the preparation of concrete was studied in this paper. Solidified products containing 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% slag were laboratory tested by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) analyses and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). At the same time, the leachability of toxic elements from solidified products with a high percent of slag was evaluated under environmental conditions for during one year. The results of the UCS and TCLP indicated that utilization of this type of slag in cement-based applications may be justified with its controlled addition. However, the described application of the slag was disputed due to the high release of As under high alkaline environmental conditions. Eh-pH analyses and the geochemical modeling using the software PHREEQC were evaluated, as well as the mechanism of pollutant (Pb, As) immobilization (precipitation, adsorption) as a function of pH conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Marija Štulović & Dragana Radovanović & Željko Kamberović & Marija Korać & Zoran Anđić, 2019. "Assessment of Leaching Characteristics of Solidified Products Containing Secondary Alkaline Lead Slag," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:11:p:2005-:d:237422
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De-Gang Liu & Yong Ke & Xiao-Bo Min & Yan-Jie Liang & Zhong-Bing Wang & Yuan-Cheng Li & Jiang-Chi Fei & Li-Wei Yao & Hui Xu & Guang-Hua Jiang, 2019. "Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Howard W. Mielke, 2016. "Editorial: Lead Risk Assessment and Health Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-3, June.
    3. Zhang, Wei & Yang, Jiakuan & Wu, Xu & Hu, Yuchen & Yu, Wenhao & Wang, Junxiong & Dong, Jinxin & Li, Mingyang & Liang, Sha & Hu, Jingping & Kumar, R. Vasant, 2016. "A critical review on secondary lead recycling technology and its prospect," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 108-122.
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