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Synthesis and Hydration Characteristic of Geopolymer Based on Lead Smelting Slag

Author

Listed:
  • Liwei Yao

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Degang Liu

    (School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)

  • Yong Ke

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
    Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Yuancheng Li

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Zhongbing Wang

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Jiangchi Fei

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Hui Xu

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China)

  • Xiaobo Min

    (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
    Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China)

Abstract

Lead smelting slag (LSS) has been identified as general industrial solid waste, which is produced from the pyrometallurgical treatment of the Shuikoushan process for primary lead production in China. The LSS-based geopolymer was synthesized after high-energy ball milling. The effect of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) on the synthesis parameters of the geopolymer was optimized. Under the best parameters of the geopolymer (modulus of water glass was 1–1.5, dosage of water glass (W(SiO 2 +Na 2 O)) was 5% and water-to-binder ratio was 0.2), the UCS reached 76.09 MPa after curing for 28 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching concentration of Zn from LSS fell from 167.16 to 93.99 mg/L after alkali-activation, which was below the limit allowed. Meanwhile, C-S-H and the geopolymer of the hydration products were identified from the geopolymer. In addition, the behavior of iron was also discussed. Then, the hydration process characteristics of the LSS-based geopolymer were proposed. The obtained results showed that Ca 2+ and Fe 2+ occupied the site of the network as modifiers in the glass phase and then dissociated from the glass network after the water glass activation. At the same time, C-S-H, the geopolymer and Fe(OH) 2 gel were produced, and then the Fe(OH) 2 was easily oxidized to Fe(OH) 3 under the air curing conditions. Consequently, the conclusion was drawn that LSS was an implementable raw material for geopolymer production.

Suggested Citation

  • Liwei Yao & Degang Liu & Yong Ke & Yuancheng Li & Zhongbing Wang & Jiangchi Fei & Hui Xu & Xiaobo Min, 2020. "Synthesis and Hydration Characteristic of Geopolymer Based on Lead Smelting Slag," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2762-:d:346448
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De-Gang Liu & Yong Ke & Xiao-Bo Min & Yan-Jie Liang & Zhong-Bing Wang & Yuan-Cheng Li & Jiang-Chi Fei & Li-Wei Yao & Hui Xu & Guang-Hua Jiang, 2019. "Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Kreusch, M.A. & Ponte, M.J.J.S. & Ponte, H.A. & Kaminari, N.M.S. & Marino, C.E.B. & Mymrin, V., 2007. "Technological improvements in automotive battery recycling," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 368-380.
    3. Shi, Caijun & Meyer, Christian & Behnood, Ali, 2008. "Utilization of copper slag in cement and concrete," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 52(10), pages 1115-1120.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xuekui Niu & Minting Li & Hongbin Wang & Liping Ma & Shuting Wang & Tao Zhou & Wei Wang, 2022. "Historical Lead Smelting Slag Harmlessness and Valuable Metals Recovery: A Co-Treatment of Lead Slag and Zinc-Bearing Material in Rotary Kiln," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Zeen Yu & Lei Wang & Qi Zheng & Xiaokui Che & Xinglan Cui & Shenyu Wei & Hongxia Li & Xinyue Shi, 2023. "Present Situation and Research Progress of Comprehensive Utilization of Antimony Tailings and Smelting Slag," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-17, September.

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