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European Monitoring Systems and Data for Assessing Environmental and Climate Impacts on Human Infectious Diseases

Author

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  • Gordon L. Nichols

    (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, Solna, 17183 Stockholm, Sweden
    Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
    Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41110, Greece)

  • Yvonne Andersson

    (Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, 17182 Solna, Sweden
    This author is retired from the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control.)

  • Elisabet Lindgren

    (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Isabelle Devaux

    (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, Solna, 17183 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Jan C. Semenza

    (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Tomtebodavägen 11A, Solna, 17183 Stockholm, Sweden)

Abstract

Surveillance is critical to understanding the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases. The growing concern over climate and other drivers that may increase infectious disease threats to future generations has stimulated a review of the surveillance systems and environmental data sources that might be used to assess future health impacts from climate change in Europe. We present an overview of organizations, agencies and institutions that are responsible for infectious disease surveillance in Europe. We describe the surveillance systems, tracking tools, communication channels, information exchange and outputs in light of environmental and climatic drivers of infectious diseases. We discuss environmental and climatic data sets that lend themselves to epidemiological analysis. Many of the environmental data sets have a relatively uniform quality across EU Member States because they are based on satellite measurements or EU funded FP6 or FP7 projects with full EU coverage. Case-reporting systems for surveillance of infectious diseases should include clear and consistent case definitions and reporting formats that are geo-located at an appropriate resolution. This will allow linkage to environmental, social and climatic sources that will enable risk assessments, future threat evaluations, outbreak management and interventions to reduce disease burden.

Suggested Citation

  • Gordon L. Nichols & Yvonne Andersson & Elisabet Lindgren & Isabelle Devaux & Jan C. Semenza, 2014. "European Monitoring Systems and Data for Assessing Environmental and Climate Impacts on Human Infectious Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-43, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:11:y:2014:i:4:p:3894-3936:d:34906
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Suk, J.E. & Semenza, J.C., 2011. "Future infectious disease threats to Europe," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 101(11), pages 2068-2079.
    2. Curriero, F.C. & Patz, J.A. & Rose, J.B. & Lele, S., 2001. "The association between extreme precipitation and waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States, 1948-1994," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 91(8), pages 1194-1199.
    3. Semenza, J.C. & Giesecke, J., 2008. "Intervening to reduce inequalities in infections in Europe," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 98(5), pages 787-792.
    4. Jonathan E. Suk & Kristie L. Ebi & David Vose & Willy Wint & Neil Alexander & Koen Mintiens & Jan C. Semenza, 2014. "Indicators for Tracking European Vulnerabilities to the Risks of Infectious Disease Transmission due to Climate Change," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, February.
    5. Jan C. Semenza & Dragoslav Domanović, 2013. "Blood supply under threat," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 432-435, May.
    6. Kristie Ebi & Elisabet Lindgren & Jonathan Suk & Jan Semenza, 2013. "Adaptation to the infectious disease impacts of climate change," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 118(2), pages 355-365, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jan C. Semenza, 2014. "Climate Change and Human Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-7, July.
    2. Itai Kloog & Lara Ifat Kaufman & Kees De Hoogh, 2018. "Using Open Street Map Data in Environmental Exposure Assessment Studies: Eastern Massachusetts, Bern Region, and South Israel as a Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-21, November.
    3. Jan C. Semenza, 2015. "Prototype Early Warning Systems for Vector-Borne Diseases in Europe," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-19, June.

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