IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jforec/v3y2021i4p41-681d642674.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Battery Sizing for Different Loads and RES Production Scenarios through Unsupervised Clustering Methods

Author

Listed:
  • Alfredo Nespoli

    (Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Andrea Matteri

    (Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milan, Italy)

  • Silvia Pretto

    (Equienergia S.r.l., c.so Sempione 62, 20153 Milan, Italy)

  • Luca De Ciechi

    (Helexia Energy Services S.r.l., Strada 8, Palazzo N, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy)

  • Emanuele Ogliari

    (Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Energia, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milan, Italy)

Abstract

The increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in the energy mix is determining an energy scenario characterized by decentralized power production. Between RESs power generation technologies, solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems constitute a very promising option, but their production is not programmable due to the intermittent nature of solar energy. The coupling between a PV facility and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) allows to achieve a greater flexibility in power generation. However, the design phase of a PV+BESS hybrid plant is challenging due to the large number of possible configurations. The present paper proposes a preliminary procedure aimed at predicting a family of batteries which is suitable to be coupled with a given PV plant configuration. The proposed procedure is applied to new hypothetical plants built to fulfill the energy requirements of a commercial and an industrial load. The energy produced by the PV system is estimated on the basis of a performance analysis carried out on similar real plants. The battery operations are established through two decision-tree-like structures regulating charge and discharge respectively. Finally, an unsupervised clustering is applied to all the possible PV+BESS configurations in order to identify the family of feasible solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Nespoli & Andrea Matteri & Silvia Pretto & Luca De Ciechi & Emanuele Ogliari, 2021. "Battery Sizing for Different Loads and RES Production Scenarios through Unsupervised Clustering Methods," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-19, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jforec:v:3:y:2021:i:4:p:41-681:d:642674
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/3/4/41/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9394/3/4/41/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fauzan Hanif Jufri & Dwi Riana Aryani & Iwa Garniwa & Budi Sudiarto, 2021. "Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch Strategy for Small-Scale Isolated Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Different Load Profile Patterns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
    2. Jinkui He & Yongheng Yang & Dmitri Vinnikov, 2020. "Energy Storage for 1500 V Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Reliability Analysis of DC- and AC-Coupling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Iflah Javeed & Rahmat Khezri & Amin Mahmoudi & Amirmehdi Yazdani & G. M. Shafiullah, 2021. "Optimal Sizing of Rooftop PV and Battery Storage for Grid-Connected Houses Considering Flat and Time-of-Use Electricity Rates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Rashid, Khalid & Safdarnejad, Seyed Mostafa & Ellingwood, Kevin & Powell, Kody M., 2019. "Techno-economic evaluation of different hybridization schemes for a solar thermal/gas power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 91-106.
    5. Ayman B. Attya & Adam Vickers, 2021. "Operation and Control of a Hybrid Power Plant with the Capability of Grid Services Provision," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-15, June.
    6. Reza Fachrizal & Joakim Munkhammar, 2020. "Improved Photovoltaic Self-Consumption in Residential Buildings with Distributed and Centralized Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    7. Fadhil Y. Al-Aboosi & Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi, 2021. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Installation under the Climatic Conditions of Texas (USA)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-30, January.
    8. Dengchang Ma & Guobing Pan & Fang Xu & Hongfei Sun, 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of the Impact of Meteorological Environment on Photovoltaic System Feasibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-16, May.
    9. Alejandro Pena-Bello & Edward Barbour & Marta C. Gonzalez & Selin Yilmaz & Martin K. Patel & David Parra, 2020. "How Does the Electricity Demand Profile Impact the Attractiveness of PV-Coupled Battery Systems Combining Applications?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-19, August.
    10. Khalid, Ahmad Mohd & Mitra, Indradip & Warmuth, Werner & Schacht, Volker, 2016. "Performance ratio – Crucial parameter for grid connected PV plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 1139-1158.
    11. Chul-sung Lee & Hyo-mun Lee & Min-joo Choi & Jong-ho Yoon, 2019. "Performance Evaluation and Prediction of BIPV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions Using Normalized Efficiency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Alejandra Tabares & Norberto Martinez & Lucas Ginez & José F. Resende & Nierbeth Brito & John Fredy Franco, 2020. "Optimal Capacity Sizing for the Integration of a Battery and Photovoltaic Microgrid to Supply Auxiliary Services in Substations under a Contingency," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-23, November.
    13. Ali S. Alghamdi, 2021. "Performance Enhancement of Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic System: Artificial Neural Network Optimization of Ground Coverage Ratio," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    14. Botelho, D.F. & Dias, B.H. & de Oliveira, L.W. & Soares, T.A. & Rezende, I. & Sousa, T., 2021. "Innovative business models as drivers for prosumers integration - Enablers and barriers," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sonia Leva, 2022. "Editorial for Special Issue: “Feature Papers of Forecasting 2021”," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-3, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Francesco Lo Franco & Mattia Ricco & Riccardo Mandrioli & Gabriele Grandi, 2020. "Electric Vehicle Aggregate Power Flow Prediction and Smart Charging System for Distributed Renewable Energy Self-Consumption Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-25, September.
    2. Xiaoyan Bian & Yao Zhang & Qibin Zhou & Ting Cao & Bengang Wei, 2021. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Lightning Stroke to BIPV Modules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Alessandro Sciullo & Gregory Winston Gilcrease & Mario Perugini & Dario Padovan & Barbara Curli & Jay Sterling Gregg & Osman Arrobbio & Erika Meynaerts & Sarah Delvaux & Lucia Polo-Alvarez & Chiara Ca, 2022. "Exploring Institutional and Socio-Economic Settings for the Development of Energy Communities in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    4. Botelho, D.F. & de Oliveira, L.W. & Dias, B.H. & Soares, T.A. & Moraes, C.A., 2022. "Prosumer integration into the Brazilian energy sector: An overview of innovative business models and regulatory challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    5. Neska, Ewa & Kowalska-Pyzalska, Anna, 2022. "Conceptual design of energy market topologies for communities and their practical applications in EU: A comparison of three case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    6. Weiguang Su & Yilin Li & Tongyu Zhou & Jo Darkwa & Georgios Kokogiannakis & Zhao Li, 2019. "Microencapsulation of Paraffin with Poly (Urea Methacrylate) Shell for Solar Water Heater," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-9, September.
    7. Kubli, Merla & Puranik, Sanket, 2023. "A typology of business models for energy communities: Current and emerging design options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    8. Ackermann, Simon & Szabo, Andrei & Bamberger, Joachim & Steinke, Florian, 2022. "Design and optimization of performance guarantees for hybrid power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    9. Nina Munzke & Felix Büchle & Anna Smith & Marc Hiller, 2021. "Influence of Efficiency, Aging and Charging Strategy on the Economic Viability and Dimensioning of Photovoltaic Home Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-46, November.
    10. Iazzolino, Gianpaolo & Sorrentino, Nicola & Menniti, Daniele & Pinnarelli, Anna & De Carolis, Monica & Mendicino, Luca, 2022. "Energy communities and key features emerged from business models review," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. Bhandari, Ramchandra & Shah, Ronak Rakesh, 2021. "Hydrogen as energy carrier: Techno-economic assessment of decentralized hydrogen production in Germany," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 915-931.
    12. Peter Nijkamp & Karima Kourtit & Henk Scholten & Esmeralda Willemsen, 2023. "Citizen Participation and Knowledge Support in Urban Public Energy Transition—A Quadruple Helix Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, February.
    13. Abdulrazzak Akroot & Mohamed Almaktar & Feras Alasali, 2024. "The Integration of Renewable Energy into a Fossil Fuel Power Generation System in Oil-Producing Countries: A Case Study of an Integrated Solar Combined Cycle at the Sarir Power Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-29, June.
    14. Michaelis, Anne & Hanny, Lisa & Körner, Marc-Fabian & Strüker, Jens & Weibelzahl, Martin, 2024. "Consumer-centric electricity markets: Six design principles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    15. Hong Eun Moon & Yoon Hee Ha & Kyung Nam Kim, 2022. "Comparative Economic Analysis of Solar PV and Reused EV Batteries in the Residential Sector of Three Emerging Countries—The Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-26, December.
    16. Piotr Żuk & Paweł Żuk, 2021. "On the Socio-Cultural Determinants of Polish Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes towards the Development of Renewable Energy: Business, Climate Skepticism Ideology and Climate Change," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-16, June.
    17. Iván Acosta-Pazmiño & Carlos Rivera-Solorio & Miguel Gijón-Rivera, 2020. "Energetic and Economic Analyses of an LCPV/T Solar Hybrid Plant for a Sports Center Building in Mexico," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    18. Shittu, Ekundayo & Weigelt, Carmen, 2022. "Accessibility in sustainability transitions: U.S. electric utilities’ deployment of solar," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    19. Laetitia Uwineza & Hyun-Goo Kim & Jan Kleissl & Chang Ki Kim, 2022. "Technical Control and Optimal Dispatch Strategy for a Hybrid Energy System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.
    20. Renos Rotas & Petros Iliadis & Nikos Nikolopoulos & Ananias Tomboulides & Elias Kosmatopoulos, 2022. "Dynamic Simulation and Performance Enhancement Analysis of a Renewable Driven Trigeneration System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-27, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jforec:v:3:y:2021:i:4:p:41-681:d:642674. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.