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On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses

Author

Listed:
  • Tolga Ercan

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Mehdi Noori

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Yang Zhao

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

  • Omer Tatari

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA)

Abstract

The electricity generation/supply and transportation sectors are the two largest contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S., and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is a rapidly emerging solution to reduce these emissions with the adoption of battery-electric (BE) vehicles. Deployments of BE transit and school buses are expected to have larger battery capacities than passenger vehicles, making them more feasible candidates for V2G service. Five electricity generation regions are considered for cash flow analysis of BE and diesel transit and school buses over their entire respective lifetimes with the allowance of V2G services’ net revenue. Besides, the environmental benefits of using the V2G system are studied in place of combustion power generation plants for the regulation services of each study region. Air emission externalities are another crucial issue for bus operations because buses are operated near highly populated areas, so these externalities are also studied in this research with the benefits of a V2G emission reduction potential taken into account. The analysis concluded that BE transit and school buses with V2G application have potential to reduce electricity generation related greenhouse-gas emissions by 1067 and 1420 tons of CO 2 equivalence (average), and eliminate $13,000 and $18,300 air pollution externalities (average), respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Tolga Ercan & Mehdi Noori & Yang Zhao & Omer Tatari, 2016. "On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:9:y:2016:i:4:p:230-:d:66367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Bitzan, John D. & Ripplinger, David G., 2016. "Public transit and alternative fuels – The costs associated with using biodiesel and CNG in comparison to diesel for U.S. public transit systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 17-30.
    3. Jesús Rodríguez-Molina & Pedro Castillejo & Victoria Beltran & Margarita Martínez-Núñez, 2020. "A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-38, November.
    4. Xinkuo Xu & Liyan Han, 2020. "Operational Lifecycle Carbon Value of Bus Electrification in Macau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, May.

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