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A hybrid life cycle assessment of the vehicle-to-grid application in light duty commercial fleet

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  • Zhao, Yang
  • Tatari, Omer

Abstract

The vehicle-to-grid system is an approach utilizing the idle battery capacity of electric vehicles while they are parked to provide supplementary energy to the power grid. As electrification continues in light duty vehicle fleets, the application of vehicle-to-grid systems for commercial delivery truck fleets can provide extra revenue for fleet owners, and also has significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity generation sector. In this study, an economic input–output based hybrid life cycle assessment is conducted to analyze the potential greenhouse gas emissions emission savings from the use of the vehicle-to-grid system, as well as the possible emission impacts caused by battery degradation. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to address the uncertainties that lie in the electricity exchange amount of the vehicle-to-grid service as well as the battery life of the electric vehicles. The results of this study showed that extended range electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles are both viable regulation service providers for saving greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation if the battery wear-out from regulation services is assumed to be minimal, but the vehicle-to-grid system becomes less attractive at higher battery degradation levels.

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  • Zhao, Yang & Tatari, Omer, 2015. "A hybrid life cycle assessment of the vehicle-to-grid application in light duty commercial fleet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1277-1286.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:93:y:2015:i:p2:p:1277-1286
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.019
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    3. George Baure & Matthieu Dubarry, 2020. "Durability and Reliability of EV Batteries under Electric Utility Grid Operations: Impact of Frequency Regulation Usage on Cell Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-11, May.
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    5. Huang, Shoujun & Yang, Jun & Li, Shanjun, 2017. "Black-Scholes option pricing strategy and risk-averse coordination for designing vehicle-to-grid reserve contracts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 325-335.
    6. Pirouzi, Sasan & Aghaei, Jamshid & Niknam, Taher & Farahmand, Hossein & Korpås, Magnus, 2018. "Exploring prospective benefits of electric vehicles for optimal energy conditioning in distribution networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 679-689.
    7. Wiedemann, Nina & Xin, Yanan & Medici, Vasco & Nespoli, Lorenzo & Suel, Esra & Raubal, Martin, 2024. "Vehicle-to-grid for car sharing - A simulation study for 2030," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 372(C).
    8. Zhao, Yang & Noori, Mehdi & Tatari, Omer, 2017. "Boosting the adoption and the reliability of renewable energy sources: Mitigating the large-scale wind power intermittency through vehicle to grid technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 608-618.
    9. Tolga Ercan & Mehdi Noori & Yang Zhao & Omer Tatari, 2016. "On the Front Lines of a Sustainable Transportation Fleet: Applications of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology for Transit and School Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-22, March.

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