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Risk Assessment for Natural Gas Hydrate Carriers: A Hazard Identification (HAZID) Study

Author

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  • Kipyoung Kim

    (Technology Strategy Development Team, Korean Register of Shipping, 36 Myeongji Ocean City 9-ro Gangseo, Busan 618-814, Korea)

  • Hokeun Kang

    (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791, Korea)

  • Youtaek Kim

    (Division of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791, Korea)

Abstract

Sea transport of natural gas in the form of hydrate pellets is a new technological approach. Introducing new technologies bears raises the possibility of introducing unknown risks or—in case of alternatives for already existing technical solutions—higher risk, either human-, environmental-, or property-related. The option of gas transport by natural gas hydrate pellets has been introduced within the Korean joint research project. One key task was the safety evaluation of the novel natural gas hydrate carrier (NGH carrier) developed in the project. The aim of this work was to support and assess the risk aspects of the development to ensure that the risk level for the newly developed concept is as low as for existing competing concepts, especially LNG carriers. The NGH carrier is based on the concept of the self-preservation effect and thereby preserves NGH in the form of pellets at atmospheric pressure and temperatures lower than −20 °C. In order to identify all the possible hazards in the system and then enhance the system safety, a Hazard Identification (HAZID) study was conducted. As a result of the HAZID, 80 identified hazards in total were explored and ranked in terms of risk index for the semi-quantitative risk evaluation. Among the hazards identified, three hazards were found to have unacceptable risk level and twenty eight to have acceptable but ALARP risk level. Regarding the hazards with unacceptable risk or ALARP risk, additional safety actions and recommendations for risk control were discussed and proposed in a SAFETY ACTION REGISTER, which would be considered and utilized by designers when developing the detailed system design in the future. In conclusion, the overall safety level of the NGH carrier is considered acceptable. However, it was found that a few external hazards associated with extremely harsh weather could be critical threats to the system. Relevant safety actions against them, therefore, must be provided in the system design.

Suggested Citation

  • Kipyoung Kim & Hokeun Kang & Youtaek Kim, 2015. "Risk Assessment for Natural Gas Hydrate Carriers: A Hazard Identification (HAZID) Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:4:p:3142-3164:d:48440
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gregor Rehder & Robert Eckl & Markus Elfgen & Andrzej Falenty & Rainer Hamann & Nina Kähler & Werner F. Kuhs & Hans Osterkamp & Christoph Windmeier, 2012. "Methane Hydrate Pellet Transport Using the Self-Preservation Effect: A Techno-Economic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(7), pages 1-25, July.
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    1. Misyura, S.Y., 2020. "Dissociation of various gas hydrates (methane hydrate, double gas hydrates of methane-propane and methane-isopropanol) during combustion: Assessing the combustion efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    2. Anatoliy M. Pavlenko, 2020. "Thermodynamic Features of the Intensive Formation of Hydrocarbon Hydrates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-18, July.
    3. Amalija Božiček & Bojan Franc & Božidar Filipović-Grčić, 2022. "Early Warning Weather Hazard System for Power System Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Marco Cinelli & Matteo Spada & Miłosz Kadziński & Grzegorz Miebs & Peter Burgherr, 2019. "Advancing Hazard Assessment of Energy Accidents in the Natural Gas Sector with Rough Set Theory and Decision Rules," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-17, November.
    5. Misyura, S.Y., 2020. "Comparing the dissociation kinetics of various gas hydrates during combustion: Assessment of key factors to improve combustion efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    6. Xu, Jiuping & Tang, Min & Liu, Tingting & Fan, Lurong, 2024. "Technological paradigm-based development strategy towards natural gas hydrate technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    7. Veluswamy, Hari Prakash & Kumar, Asheesh & Seo, Yutaek & Lee, Ju Dong & Linga, Praveen, 2018. "A review of solidified natural gas (SNG) technology for gas storage via clathrate hydrates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 262-285.

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