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Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass

Author

Listed:
  • Jaya Shankar Tumuluru

    (Biofuels and Renewable Energy Technologies Department, Energy Systems & Technologies Division, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415-2025, USA)

  • C. Jim Lim

    (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada)

  • Xiaotao T. Bi

    (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada)

  • Xingya Kuang

    (Department of Occupational Medicine, Yangpu, District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200090, China)

  • Staffan Melin

    (Delta Research Corporation, 501 Centennial Parkway, Delta, BC V4L 2L5, Canada)

  • Fahimeh Yazdanpanah

    (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada)

  • Shahab Sokhansanj

    (Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
    Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA)

Abstract

Wood chips, torrefied wood chips, ground switchgrass, and wood pellets were tested for off‑gas emissions during storage. Storage canisters with gas‑collection ports were used to conduct experiments at room temperature of 20 °C and in a laboratory oven set at 40 °C. Commercially-produced wood pellets yielded the highest carbon monoxide (CO) emissions at both 20 and 40 °C (1600 and 13,000 ppmv), whereas torrefied wood chips emitted the lowest of about <200 and <2000 ppmv. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from wood pellets were 3000 ppmv and 42,000 ppmv, whereas torrefied wood chips registered at about 2000 and 25,000 ppmv, at 20 and 40 °C at the end of 11 days of storage. CO emission factors (milligrams per kilogram of biomass) calculated were lowest for ground switchgrass and torrefied wood chips (2.68 and 4.86 mg/kg) whereas wood pellets had the highest CO of about 10.60 mg/kg, respectively, at 40 °C after 11 days of storage. In the case of CO 2 , wood pellets recorded the lowest value of 55.46 mg/kg, whereas switchgrass recorded the highest value of 318.72 mg/kg. This study concludes that CO emission factor is highest for wood pellets, CO 2 is highest for switchgrass and CH 4 is negligible for all feedstocks except for wood pellets, which is about 0.374 mg/kg at the end of 11-day storage at 40 °C.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaya Shankar Tumuluru & C. Jim Lim & Xiaotao T. Bi & Xingya Kuang & Staffan Melin & Fahimeh Yazdanpanah & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2015. "Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:3:p:1745-1759:d:46290
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sarkar, Madhura & Kumar, Ajay & Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar & Patil, Krushna N. & Bellmer, Danielle D., 2014. "Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 194-201.
    2. Jaya Shankar Tumuluru & Richard D. Boardman & Christopher T. Wright & J. Richard Hess, 2012. "Some Chemical Compositional Changes in Miscanthus and White Oak Sawdust Samples during Torrefaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(10), pages 1-20, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, 2019. "Pelleting of Pine and Switchgrass Blends: Effect of Process Variables and Blend Ratio on the Pellet Quality and Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Adrian Knapczyk & Sławomir Francik & Marcin Jewiarz & Agnieszka Zawiślak & Renata Francik, 2020. "Thermal Treatment of Biomass: A Bibliometric Analysis—The Torrefaction Case," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-31, December.
    3. Grzegorz Maj, 2018. "Emission Factors and Energy Properties of Agro and Forest Biomass in Aspect of Sustainability of Energy Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-12, June.
    4. Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira & Ronaldo da Silva Viana & Victor Hugo Cruz & Paulo Renato Matos Lopes & Celso Tadao Miasaki & Anderson Chagas Magalhães & Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo & Luca, 2020. "Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.
    5. José Ignacio Arranz & María Teresa Miranda & Irene Montero & Sergio Nogales & Francisco José Sepúlveda, 2019. "Influence Factors on Carbon Monoxide Accumulation in Biomass Pellet Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, June.
    6. Sahoo, Kamalakanta & Bilek, E.M. (Ted) & Mani, Sudhagar, 2018. "Techno-economic and environmental assessments of storing woodchips and pellets for bioenergy applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 27-39.
    7. Xiao He & Anthony K. Lau & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2019. "Effect of Moisture on Gas Emissions from Stored Woody Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-14, December.

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