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Influence Factors on Carbon Monoxide Accumulation in Biomass Pellet Storage

Author

Listed:
  • José Ignacio Arranz

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • María Teresa Miranda

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Irene Montero

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Sergio Nogales

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

  • Francisco José Sepúlveda

    (Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain)

Abstract

During biomass storage, some gases can be produced and reach dangerous levels to human health. Among them, carbon monoxide is especially worrying, due to its potentially lethal effects and its contribution to the greenhouse effect. High levels of this gas could be reached, depending on many factors, such as unsuitable ventilation in storage areas or raw material characteristics. The aim of this research study was to assess the levels of CO produced during pellet storage at a laboratory scale, depending on the ventilation conditions (changing the amount of sample and frequency), the pellet characteristics (eucalyptus and cork residue pellets), and variables that influence CO levels. A greater number of pellets (when not ventilated) increased CO levels and discontinuous ventilation did not reduce these levels once the space was isolated again. Cork samples provoked higher CO emissions, possibly due to its higher fat content and surface area, which promotes the interaction between air and fatty acids (that is, the auto-oxidation of the samples and the subsequent release of CO). Consequently, continuous and good ventilation is required, especially until CO production from wood auto-oxidation is complete.

Suggested Citation

  • José Ignacio Arranz & María Teresa Miranda & Irene Montero & Sergio Nogales & Francisco José Sepúlveda, 2019. "Influence Factors on Carbon Monoxide Accumulation in Biomass Pellet Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-12, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:12:p:2323-:d:240682
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jämsén, M. & Agar, D. & Alakoski, E. & Tampio, E. & Wihersaari, M., 2015. "Measurement methodology for greenhouse gas emissions from storage of forest chips–A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1617-1623.
    2. Jaya Shankar Tumuluru & C. Jim Lim & Xiaotao T. Bi & Xingya Kuang & Staffan Melin & Fahimeh Yazdanpanah & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2015. "Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira & Ronaldo da Silva Viana & Victor Hugo Cruz & Paulo Renato Matos Lopes & Celso Tadao Miasaki & Anderson Chagas Magalhães & Paulo Alexandre Monteiro de Figueiredo & Luca, 2020. "Anti-Thermal Shock Binding of Liquid-State Food Waste to Non-Wood Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-26, June.

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