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Pelleting of Pine and Switchgrass Blends: Effect of Process Variables and Blend Ratio on the Pellet Quality and Energy Consumption

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  • Jaya Shankar Tumuluru

    (Idaho National Laboratory, Energy Systems and Technologies Directorate, Bioenergy Technologies Department, 750 MK Simpson Blvd., Idaho Falls, ID 83415-3570, USA)

Abstract

The blending of woody and herbaceous biomass can influence pellet quality and the energy consumption of the process. This work aims to understand the pelleting characteristics of 2-inch top-pine residue blended with switchgrass at high moisture content. The process variables tested are blend moisture content, length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio in the pellet die, and the blend ratio. A flat die pellet mill was also used in this study. The pine and switchgrass blend ratios that were tested include: (1) 25% 2-inch top pine residue with 75% switchgrass; (2) 50% 2-inch top pine residue with 50% switchgrass; and (3) 75% 2-inch top pine residue with 25% switchgrass. The pelleting process conditions tested included the L/D ratio in the pellet die (i.e., 1.5 to 2.6) and the blend moisture content (20 to 30%, w.b.). Analysis of experimental data indicated that blending 25% switchgrass with 75% 2-inch top pine residue and 50% switchgrass with 50% 2-inch top pine residue resulted in pellets with a bulk density of > 550 kg/m 3 and durability of > 95%. Optimization of the response surface models developed for process conditions in terms of product properties indicated that a higher L/D ratio of 2.6 and a lower blend-moisture content of 20% (w.b.) maximized bulk density and durability. Higher pine in the blends improved the pellet durability and reduced energy consumption.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaya Shankar Tumuluru, 2019. "Pelleting of Pine and Switchgrass Blends: Effect of Process Variables and Blend Ratio on the Pellet Quality and Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-26, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:7:p:1198-:d:217759
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    1. Sarkar, Madhura & Kumar, Ajay & Tumuluru, Jaya Shankar & Patil, Krushna N. & Bellmer, Danielle D., 2014. "Gasification performance of switchgrass pretreated with torrefaction and densification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 194-201.
    2. Jaya Shankar Tumuluru & C. Jim Lim & Xiaotao T. Bi & Xingya Kuang & Staffan Melin & Fahimeh Yazdanpanah & Shahab Sokhansanj, 2015. "Analysis on Storage Off-Gas Emissions from Woody, Herbaceous, and Torrefied Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-15, March.
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    12. Solarte-Toro, Juan Camilo & González-Aguirre, Jose Andrés & Poveda Giraldo, Jhonny Alejandro & Cardona Alzate, Carlos A., 2021. "Thermochemical processing of woody biomass: A review focused on energy-driven applications and catalytic upgrading," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
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