IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v7y2014i5p2938-2960d35652.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables and Neural Network Short-Term Load Forecast Models for Residential Low Voltage Distribution Networks

Author

Listed:
  • Christopher Bennett

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport Qld 4222, Australia)

  • Rodney A. Stewart

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport Qld 4222, Australia)

  • Junwei Lu

    (Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport Qld 4222, Australia)

Abstract

This paper set out to identify the significant variables which affect residential low voltage (LV) network demand and develop next day total energy use (NDTEU) and next day peak demand (NDPD) forecast models for each phase. The models were developed using both autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) and neural network (NN) techniques. The data used for this research was collected from a LV transformer serving 128 residential customers. It was observed that temperature accounted for half of the residential LV network demand. The inclusion of the double exponential smoothing algorithm, autoregressive terms, relative humidity and day of the week dummy variables increased model accuracy. In terms of R 2 and for each modelling technique and phase, NDTEU hindcast accuracy ranged from 0.77 to 0.87 and forecast accuracy ranged from 0.74 to 0.84. NDPD hindcast accuracy ranged from 0.68 to 0.74 and forecast accuracy ranged from 0.56 to 0.67. The NDTEU models were more accurate than the NDPD models due to the peak demand time series being more variable in nature. The NN models had slight accuracy gains over the ARIMAX models. A hybrid model was developed which combined the best traits of the ARIMAX and NN techniques, resulting in improved hindcast and forecast fits across the all three phases.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Bennett & Rodney A. Stewart & Junwei Lu, 2014. "Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables and Neural Network Short-Term Load Forecast Models for Residential Low Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-23, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:5:p:2938-2960:d:35652
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/5/2938/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/5/2938/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ko, Chia-Nan & Lee, Cheng-Ming, 2013. "Short-term load forecasting using SVR (support vector regression)-based radial basis function neural network with dual extended Kalman filter," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 413-422.
    2. Taylor, James W., 2010. "Triple seasonal methods for short-term electricity demand forecasting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 204(1), pages 139-152, July.
    3. Taylor, James W. & Buizza, Roberto, 2003. "Using weather ensemble predictions in electricity demand forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 57-70.
    4. Luis Hernández & Carlos Baladrón & Javier M. Aguiar & Lorena Calavia & Belén Carro & Antonio Sánchez-Esguevillas & Javier Sanjuán & Álvaro González & Jaime Lloret, 2013. "Improved Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Two-Stage Predictions with Artificial Neural Networks in a Microgrid Environment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-19, August.
    5. Morais, Hugo & Kádár, Péter & Faria, Pedro & Vale, Zita A. & Khodr, H.M., 2010. "Optimal scheduling of a renewable micro-grid in an isolated load area using mixed-integer linear programming," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 151-156.
    6. J W Taylor, 2003. "Short-term electricity demand forecasting using double seasonal exponential smoothing," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 54(8), pages 799-805, August.
    7. Darbellay, Georges A. & Slama, Marek, 2000. "Forecasting the short-term demand for electricity: Do neural networks stand a better chance?," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 71-83.
    8. Mirasgedis, S. & Sarafidis, Y. & Georgopoulou, E. & Lalas, D.P. & Moschovits, M. & Karagiannis, F. & Papakonstantinou, D., 2006. "Models for mid-term electricity demand forecasting incorporating weather influences," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(2), pages 208-227.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Roland Bolboacă & Piroska Haller, 2023. "Performance Analysis of Long Short-Term Memory Predictive Neural Networks on Time Series Data," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-35, March.
    2. Haben, Stephen & Giasemidis, Georgios & Ziel, Florian & Arora, Siddharth, 2019. "Short term load forecasting and the effect of temperature at the low voltage level," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1469-1484.
    3. Pavlos Nikolaidis & Harris Partaourides, 2021. "A Model Predictive Control for the Dynamical Forecast of Operating Reserves in Frequency Regulation Services," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Ahmad, Tanveer & Chen, Huanxin, 2018. "Potential of three variant machine-learning models for forecasting district level medium-term and long-term energy demand in smart grid environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1008-1020.
    5. Salvatore Carta & Andrea Medda & Alessio Pili & Diego Reforgiato Recupero & Roberto Saia, 2018. "Forecasting E-Commerce Products Prices by Combining an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model and Google Trends Data," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Liu, Xiufeng & Nielsen, Per Sieverts, 2016. "A hybrid ICT-solution for smart meter data analytics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P3), pages 1710-1722.
    7. Bennett, Christopher J. & Stewart, Rodney A. & Lu, Jun Wei, 2015. "Development of a three-phase battery energy storage scheduling and operation system for low voltage distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 122-134.
    8. Yoldaş, Yeliz & Önen, Ahmet & Muyeen, S.M. & Vasilakos, Athanasios V. & Alan, İrfan, 2017. "Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 205-214.
    9. Chan-Uk Yeom & Keun-Chang Kwak, 2017. "Short-Term Electricity-Load Forecasting Using a TSK-Based Extreme Learning Machine with Knowledge Representation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    10. Lianhui Li & Chunyang Mu & Shaohu Ding & Zheng Wang & Runyang Mo & Yongfeng Song, 2015. "A Robust Weighted Combination Forecasting Method Based on Forecast Model Filtering and Adaptive Variable Weight Determination," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-22, December.
    11. Ma, Weiwu & Fang, Song & Liu, Gang & Zhou, Ruoyu, 2017. "Modeling of district load forecasting for distributed energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 181-205.
    12. Bin Li & Mingzhen Lu & Yiyi Zhang & Jia Huang, 2019. "A Weekend Load Forecasting Model Based on Semi-Parametric Regression Analysis Considering Weather and Load Interaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    13. Aslam, Sheraz & Herodotou, Herodotos & Mohsin, Syed Muhammad & Javaid, Nadeem & Ashraf, Nouman & Aslam, Shahzad, 2021. "A survey on deep learning methods for power load and renewable energy forecasting in smart microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    14. Jaime Buitrago & Shihab Asfour, 2017. "Short-Term Forecasting of Electric Loads Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Artificial Neural Networks with Exogenous Vector Inputs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, January.
    15. Kayode Ayankoya & Andre P. Calitz & Jean H. Greyling, 2016. "Real-Time Grain Commodities Price Predictions in South Africa: A Big Data and Neural Networks Approach," Agrekon, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 55(4), pages 483-508, October.
    16. Jessica Hermanns & Marcel Modemann & Kamil Korotkiewicz & Frederik Paulat & Kevin Kotthaus & Sven Pack & Markus Zdrallek, 2020. "Evaluation of Different Development Possibilities of Distribution Grid State Forecasts," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    17. Antonello Rosato & Rosa Altilio & Rodolfo Araneo & Massimo Panella, 2017. "Prediction in Photovoltaic Power by Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-25, July.
    18. Feras Alasali & Husam Foudeh & Esraa Mousa Ali & Khaled Nusair & William Holderbaum, 2021. "Forecasting and Modelling the Uncertainty of Low Voltage Network Demand and the Effect of Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-31, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Janusz Sowinski, 2021. "The Impact of the Selection of Exogenous Variables in the ANFIS Model on the Results of the Daily Load Forecast in the Power Company," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Óscar Trull & J. Carlos García-Díaz & Alicia Troncoso, 2019. "Application of Discrete-Interval Moving Seasonalities to Spanish Electricity Demand Forecasting during Easter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Shao, Zhen & Chao, Fu & Yang, Shan-Lin & Zhou, Kai-Le, 2017. "A review of the decomposition methodology for extracting and identifying the fluctuation characteristics in electricity demand forecasting," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 123-136.
    4. Bennett, Christopher J. & Stewart, Rodney A. & Lu, Jun Wei, 2014. "Forecasting low voltage distribution network demand profiles using a pattern recognition based expert system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 200-212.
    5. Rendon-Sanchez, Juan F. & de Menezes, Lilian M., 2019. "Structural combination of seasonal exponential smoothing forecasts applied to load forecasting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 275(3), pages 916-924.
    6. Amaral, Luiz Felipe & Souza, Reinaldo Castro & Stevenson, Maxwell, 2008. "A smooth transition periodic autoregressive (STPAR) model for short-term load forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 603-615.
    7. Trull, Oscar & García-Díaz, J. Carlos & Troncoso, Alicia, 2021. "One-day-ahead electricity demand forecasting in holidays using discrete-interval moving seasonalities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Jaume Rosselló Nadal & Mohcine Bakhat, 2009. "A new approach to estimating tourism-induced electricity consumption," CRE Working Papers (Documents de treball del CRE) 2009/6, Centre de Recerca Econòmica (UIB ·"Sa Nostra").
    9. Dutta, Goutam & Mitra, Krishnendranath, 2015. "Dynamic Pricing of Electricity: A Survey of Related Research," IIMA Working Papers WP2015-08-03, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    10. Clements, A.E. & Hurn, A.S. & Li, Z., 2016. "Forecasting day-ahead electricity load using a multiple equation time series approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 251(2), pages 522-530.
    11. Jinseok Kim & Hyungseop Hong & Ki-Il Kim, 2018. "Adaptive Optimized Pattern Extracting Algorithm for Forecasting Maximum Electrical Load Duration Using Random Sampling and Cumulative Slope Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-23, July.
    12. Goutam Dutta & Krishnendranath Mitra, 2017. "A literature review on dynamic pricing of electricity," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 68(10), pages 1131-1145, October.
    13. Tulin Guzel & Hakan Cinar & Mehmet Nabi Cenet & Kamil Doruk Oguz & Ahmet Yucekaya & Mustafa Hekimoglu, 2023. "A Framework to Forecast Electricity Consumption of Meters using Automated Ranking and Data Preprocessing," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(5), pages 179-193, September.
    14. Bakhat, Mohcine & Rosselló, Jaume, 2011. "Estimation of tourism-induced electricity consumption: The case study of Balearics Islands, Spain," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 437-444, May.
    15. Ali K k & Erg n Y kseltan & Mustafa Hekimo lu & Esra Agca Aktunc & Ahmet Y cekaya & Ay e Bilge, 2022. "Forecasting Hourly Electricity Demand Under COVID-19 Restrictions," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 73-85.
    16. Aftab Ahmed Almani & Xueshan Han, 2023. "Real-Time Pricing-Enabled Demand Response Using Long Short-Time Memory Deep Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-13, March.
    17. Chan, Kam Fong & Gray, Philip & van Campen, Bart, 2008. "A new approach to characterizing and forecasting electricity price volatility," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 24(4), pages 728-743.
    18. Taylor, James W. & de Menezes, Lilian M. & McSharry, Patrick E., 2006. "A comparison of univariate methods for forecasting electricity demand up to a day ahead," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 1-16.
    19. Jose Juan Caceres-Hernandez & Gloria Martin-Rodriguez & Jonay Hernandez-Martin, 2022. "A proposal for measuring and comparing seasonal variations in hourly economic time series," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 62(4), pages 1995-2021, April.
    20. Ahmed Ismail & Mustafa Baysal, 2023. "Dynamic Pricing Based on Demand Response Using Actor–Critic Agent Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-19, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:5:p:2938-2960:d:35652. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.