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Integration of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy in Indonesia’s Electrical Grid

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Amiruddin

    (Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia)

  • Roger Dargaville

    (Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia)

  • Ariel Liebman

    (Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia)

  • Ross Gawler

    (Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia)

Abstract

As the global transition toward sustainable energy gains momentum, integrating electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage, and renewable energy sources has become a pivotal strategy. This paper analyses the interplay between EVs, energy storage, and renewable energy integration with Indonesia’s grid as a test case. A comprehensive energy system modeling approach using PLEXOS is presented, using historical data on electricity generation, hourly demand, and renewable energy, and multiple scenarios of charging patterns and EV adoption. Through a series of scenarios, we evaluate the impact of different charging strategies and EV penetration levels on generation capacity, battery storage requirements, total system cost, renewable energy penetration, and emissions reduction. The findings reveal that optimized charging patterns and higher EV adoption rates, compared to no EVs adoption, led to substantial improvements in renewable energy utilization (+4%), emissions reduction (−12.8%), and overall system cost (−9%). While EVs contribute to reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles, non-optimized charging behavior may lead to higher total emissions when compared to scenarios without EVs. The research also found the potential of vehicle to grid (V2G) to reduce the need for battery storage compared to zero EV (−84%), to reduce emissions significantly (−23.7%), and boost penetration of renewable energy (+10%). This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and stakeholders seeking to leverage the synergies between EVs and renewable energy integration to pursue a sustainable energy future for Indonesia.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Amiruddin & Roger Dargaville & Ariel Liebman & Ross Gawler, 2024. "Integration of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy in Indonesia’s Electrical Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-24, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:9:p:2037-:d:1382780
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2015. "Utilization of electric vehicles and renewable energy sources used as distributed generators for improving characteristics of electric power distribution systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1100-1110.
    2. Ou, Yang & Kittner, Noah & Babaee, Samaneh & Smith, Steven J. & Nolte, Christopher G. & Loughlin, Daniel H., 2021. "Evaluating long-term emission impacts of large-scale electric vehicle deployment in the US using a human-Earth systems model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    3. Dalala, Zakariya & Al-Omari, Murad & Al-Addous, Mohammad & Bdour, Mathhar & Al-Khasawneh, Yaqoub & Alkasrawi, Malek, 2022. "Increased renewable energy penetration in national electrical grids constraints and solutions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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