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Composition and Injection Angle Effects on Combustion of an NH 3 /H 2 /N 2 Jet in an Air Crossflow

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  • Donato Cecere

    (Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy)

  • Matteo Cimini

    (Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy)

  • Simone Carpenella

    (Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Jan Caldarelli

    (Department of Civil, Computer Science and Aeronautical Technologies Engineering, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy)

  • Eugenio Giacomazzi

    (Laboratory of Sustainable Combustion and Advanced Thermal and Thermodynamic Cycles, Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), 00124 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

This study explores the combined effects of fuel composition and injection angle on the combustion behavior of an NH 3 / H 2 / N 2 jet in an air crossflow by means of high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LESs). Four distinct fuel mixtures derived from ammonia partial decomposition, with hydrogen concentrations ranging from 15% to 60% by volume, are injected at angles of 90 ° and 75 ° relative to the crossflow, and at operating conditions frequently encountered in micro-gas turbines. The influence of strain on peak flame temperature and NO formation in non-premixed, counter-flow laminar flames is first examined. Then, the instantaneous flow features of each configuration are analyzed focusing on key turbulent structures, and time-averaged spatial distributions of temperature and NO in the reacting region are provided. In addition, statistical analysis on the formation pathways of NO and H 2 is performed, revealing unexpected trends: in particular, the lowest hydrogen content flame yields higher temperatures and NO production due to the enhancement of the ammonia-to-hydrogen conversion chemical mechanism, thus promoting flame stability. As the hydrogen concentration increases, this conversion decreases, leading to lower NO emissions and unburned fuel, particularly at the 75 ° injection angle. Flames with a 90 ° injection angle exhibit a more pronounced high-temperature recirculation zone, further driving NO production compared with the 75 ° cases. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing ammonia–hydrogen fuel blends for high-efficiency, low-emission combustion in gas turbines and other applications, highlighting the need for a careful balance between fuel composition and injection angle.

Suggested Citation

  • Donato Cecere & Matteo Cimini & Simone Carpenella & Jan Caldarelli & Eugenio Giacomazzi, 2024. "Composition and Injection Angle Effects on Combustion of an NH 3 /H 2 /N 2 Jet in an Air Crossflow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:20:p:5032-:d:1495733
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Valera-Medina, Agustin & Marsh, Richard & Runyon, Jon & Pugh, Daniel & Beasley, Paul & Hughes, Timothy & Bowen, Phil, 2017. "Ammonia–methane combustion in tangential swirl burners for gas turbine power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 1362-1371.
    2. Chen, Danan & Li, Jun & Li, Xing & Deng, Lisheng & He, Zhaohong & Huang, Hongyu & Kobayashi, Noriyuki, 2023. "Study on combustion characteristics of hydrogen addition on ammonia flame at a porous burner," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    3. Donato Cecere & Eugenio Giacomazzi & Antonio Di Nardo & Giorgio Calchetti, 2023. "Gas Turbine Combustion Technologies for Hydrogen Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.
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