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Carnot Battery Based on Brayton Supercritical CO 2 Thermal Machines Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy as a Low-Temperature Source

Author

Listed:
  • José Ignacio Linares

    (Rafael Mariño Chair on New Energy Technologies, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 15, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Arturo Martín-Colino

    (Rafael Mariño Chair on New Energy Technologies, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 15, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • Eva Arenas

    (Rafael Mariño Chair on New Energy Technologies, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 15, 28015 Madrid, Spain
    Institute for Research in Technology, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • María José Montes

    (Department of Energy Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alexis Cantizano

    (Rafael Mariño Chair on New Energy Technologies, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 15, 28015 Madrid, Spain
    Institute for Research in Technology, Comillas Pontifical University, Santa Cruz de Marcenado 26, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

  • José Rubén Pérez-Domínguez

    (Rafael Mariño Chair on New Energy Technologies, Comillas Pontifical University, Alberto Aguilera 15, 28015 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Carnot batteries store surplus power as heat. They consist of a heat pump, which upgrades a low-temperature thermal energy storage, a high-temperature storage system for the upgraded thermal energy, and a heat engine that converts the stored high-temperature thermal energy into power. A Carnot battery is proposed based on supercritical CO 2 Brayton thermodynamic cycles. The low-temperature storage is a two-tank molten salt system at 380 °C/290 °C fed by a field of parabolic trough collectors. The high-temperature storage consists of another two-tank molten salt system at 589 °C/405 °C. Printed circuit heat exchangers would be required to withstand the high pressure of the cycles, but shell and tube heat exchangers are proposed instead to avoid clogging issues with molten salts. The conventional allocation of high-temperature molten salt heat exchangers is then modified. Using solar energy to enhance the low-temperature thermal source allowed a round-trip efficiency of 1.15 (COP of 2.46 and heat engine efficiency of 46.5%), thus increasing the stored power. The basic configuration has a levelised cost of storage of USD 376/MWh while replacing the shell and tube heat exchangers with hybrid printed circuit heat exchangers is expected to lower the cost to USD 188/MWh.

Suggested Citation

  • José Ignacio Linares & Arturo Martín-Colino & Eva Arenas & María José Montes & Alexis Cantizano & José Rubén Pérez-Domínguez, 2023. "Carnot Battery Based on Brayton Supercritical CO 2 Thermal Machines Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy as a Low-Temperature Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:9:p:3871-:d:1138342
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Linares, José I. & Montes, María J. & Cantizano, Alexis & Sánchez, Consuelo, 2020. "A novel supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton power cycle for power tower concentrating solar plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    2. Reyes-Belmonte, M.A. & Sebastián, A. & Romero, M. & González-Aguilar, J., 2016. "Optimization of a recompression supercritical carbon dioxide cycle for an innovative central receiver solar power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 17-27.
    3. Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Eppinger, Bernd & Will, Stefan & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard, 2020. "Design aspects of a reversible heat pump - Organic rankine cycle pilot plant for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    4. Blanquiceth, J. & Cardemil, J.M. & Henríquez, M. & Escobar, R., 2023. "Thermodynamic evaluation of a pumped thermal electricity storage system integrated with large-scale thermal power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    5. Zhao, Yongliang & Song, Jian & Liu, Ming & Zhao, Yao & Olympios, Andreas V. & Sapin, Paul & Yan, Junjie & Markides, Christos N., 2022. "Thermo-economic assessments of pumped-thermal electricity storage systems employing sensible heat storage materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C), pages 431-456.
    6. Dumont, O. & Lemort, V., 2020. "Mapping of performance of pumped thermal energy storage (Carnot battery) using waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    7. Vaclav Novotny & Vit Basta & Petr Smola & Jan Spale, 2022. "Review of Carnot Battery Technology Commercial Development," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-33, January.
    8. Marta Muñoz & Antonio Rovira & María José Montes, 2022. "Thermodynamic cycles for solar thermal power plants: A review," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), March.
    9. Eppinger, Bernd & Steger, Daniel & Regensburger, Christoph & Karl, Jürgen & Schlücker, Eberhard & Will, Stefan, 2021. "Carnot battery: Simulation and design of a reversible heat pump-organic Rankine cycle pilot plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    10. Vinnemeier, Philipp & Wirsum, Manfred & Malpiece, Damien & Bove, Roberto, 2016. "Integration of heat pumps into thermal plants for creation of large-scale electricity storage capacities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 506-522.
    11. Bernd Eppinger & Mustafa Muradi & Daniel Scharrer & Lars Zigan & Peter Bazan & Reinhard German & Stefan Will, 2021. "Simulation of the Part Load Behavior of Combined Heat Pump-Organic Rankine Cycle Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.
    12. Guido Francesco Frate & Lorenzo Ferrari & Umberto Desideri, 2020. "Rankine Carnot Batteries with the Integration of Thermal Energy Sources: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-28, September.
    13. Frate, Guido Francesco & Baccioli, Andrea & Bernardini, Leonardo & Ferrari, Lorenzo, 2022. "Assessment of the off-design performance of a solar thermally-integrated pumped-thermal energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 636-650.
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    1. Stefano Barberis & Simone Maccarini & Syed Safeer Mehdi Shamsi & Alberto Traverso, 2023. "Untapping Industrial Flexibility via Waste Heat-Driven Pumped Thermal Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-24, August.

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