IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i8p3340-d1119329.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Practical Aspects of the Energy Efficiency Evaluation of a Water Distribution Network Using Hydrodynamic Modeling—A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Dariusz Andraka

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Wojciech Kruszyński

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Jacek Tyniec

    (MZK-Municipal Communal Co., Ltd., (Miejski Zakład Komunalny), 57-320 Polanica-Zdrój, Poland)

  • Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Bartosz Kaźmierczak

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-377 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

Water and energy are the main natural resources, and their rational use is the basis for sustainable development. Therefore, the energy efficiency of water supply networks is one of the priorities for the management system of water utilities. Many methods and indicators can be used to assess the energy efficiency of water distribution networks (WDNs), and their choice should be adapted to the characteristics of a WDN. This paper presents an energy audit of WDNs that are supplied from five reservoirs located above the supply area, to which water is supplied from four underground and surface water intakes. In the analysis of the system operation, a hydrodynamic computer model of the water distribution network was used to estimate the operating parameters that are necessary to determine the energy efficiency indicators. A new method for calibrating the emitter coefficient used for water loss modeling is also proposed. The conducted audit showed that more than 70% of the energy supplied to the WDS was “lost”, mainly due to friction (37%) and water losses (27%). Thanks to hydraulic modeling, it was possible to indicate that 34% of the energy lost in the system was related to the use of pressure-reducing valves (PRV), and that only 3% was directly related to friction. In turn, the majority of leaks are attributed to service connections (17.4% vs. 8.8% in the water distribution network).

Suggested Citation

  • Dariusz Andraka & Wojciech Kruszyński & Jacek Tyniec & Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur & Bartosz Kaźmierczak, 2023. "Practical Aspects of the Energy Efficiency Evaluation of a Water Distribution Network Using Hydrodynamic Modeling—A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-17, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3340-:d:1119329
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3340/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/8/3340/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mariacrocetta Sambito & Stefania Piazza & Gabriele Freni, 2021. "Stochastic Approach for Optimal Positioning of Pumps As Turbines (PATs)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Stefanizzi, Michele & Capurso, Tommaso & Balacco, Gabriella & Binetti, Mario & Camporeale, Sergio Mario & Torresi, Marco, 2020. "Selection, control and techno-economic feasibility of Pumps as Turbines in Water Distribution Networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1292-1306.
    3. Lydon, Tracey & Coughlan, Paul & McNabola, Aonghus, 2017. "Pressure management and energy recovery in water distribution networks: Development of design and selection methodologies using three pump-as-turbine case studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1038-1050.
    4. Coelho, B. & Andrade-Campos, A., 2014. "Efficiency achievement in water supply systems—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 59-84.
    5. Yungyu Chang & Gyewoon Choi & Juhwan Kim & Seongjoon Byeon, 2018. "Energy Cost Optimization for Water Distribution Networks Using Demand Pattern and Storage Facilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Izabela Zimoch & Ewelina Bartkiewicz & Joanna Machnik-Slomka & Iwona Klosok-Bazan & Adam Rak & Stanislav Rusek, 2021. "Sustainable Water Supply Systems Management for Energy Efficiency: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.
    7. Jedrzej Bylka & Tomasz Mroz, 2019. "A Review of Energy Assessment Methodology for Water Supply Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-55, December.
    8. L. Berardi & O. Giustolisi, 2021. "Calibration of Design Models for Leakage Management of Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 35(8), pages 2537-2551, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Agnieszka Ociepa-Kubicka & Iwona Deska & Ewa Ociepa, 2024. "Issues in Implementation of EU Regulations in Terms of Evaluation of Water Losses: Towards Energy Efficiency Optimization in Water Supply Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-22, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kandi, Ali & Meirelles, Gustavo & Brentan, Bruno, 2022. "Employing demand prediction in pump as turbine plant design regarding energy recovery enhancement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 223-236.
    2. Ahmad, Shakeel & Jia, Haifeng & Chen, Zhengxia & Li, Qian & Xu, Changqing, 2020. "Water-energy nexus and energy efficiency: A systematic analysis of urban water systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    3. Rossi, Mosè & Spedaletti, Samuele & Lorenzetti, Matteo & Salvi, Danilo & Renzi, Massimiliano & Comodi, Gabriele & Caresana, Flavio & Pelagalli, Leonardo, 2021. "A methodology to estimate average flow rates in Water Supply Systems (WSSs) for energy recovery purposes through hydropower solutions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1101-1113.
    4. Dehghan, Amir Arsalan & Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan & Roshanaei, Maryam, 2024. "Exploring a new criterion to determine the onset of cavitation in centrifugal pumps from energy-saving standpoint; experimental and numerical investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    5. Thomas Pirard & Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Sebastien Erpicum & Michel Pirotton & Pierre Archambeau & Benjamin Dewals, 2022. "Discharge Redistribution as a Key Process for Heuristic Optimization of Energy Production with Pumps as Turbines in a Water Distribution Network," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 36(4), pages 1237-1250, March.
    6. Hypolite, Gautier & Boutin, Olivier & Sole, Sandrine Del & Cloarec, Jean-François & Ferrasse, Jean-Henry, 2023. "Evaluation of a water network’s energy potential in dynamic operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    7. Rashidi, Hamidreza & GhaffarianHoseini, Ali & GhaffarianHoseini, Amirhosein & Nik Sulaiman, Nik Meriam & Tookey, John & Hashim, Nur Awanis, 2015. "Application of wastewater treatment in sustainable design of green built environments: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 845-856.
    8. Elena Helerea & Marius D. Calin & Cristian Musuroi, 2023. "Water Energy Nexus and Energy Transition—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-31, February.
    9. Rossi, Mosè & Nigro, Alessandra & Renzi, Massimiliano, 2019. "Experimental and numerical assessment of a methodology for performance prediction of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs) operating in off-design conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 555-566.
    10. Renzi, Massimiliano & Nigro, Alessandra & Rossi, Mosè, 2020. "A methodology to forecast the main non-dimensional performance parameters of pumps-as-turbines (PaTs) operating at Best Efficiency Point (BEP)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 16-25.
    11. Shojaeefard, Mohammad Hassan & Saremian, Salman, 2023. "Studying the impact of impeller geometrical parameters on the high-efficiency working range of pump as turbine (PAT) installed in the water distribution network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    12. Zhang, Xiaohong & Qi, Yan & Wang, Yanqing & Wu, Jun & Lin, Lili & Peng, Hong & Qi, Hui & Yu, Xiaoyu & Zhang, Yanzong, 2016. "Effect of the tap water supply system on China's economy and energy consumption, and its emissions’ impact," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 660-671.
    13. Ghorani, Mohammad Mahdi & Sotoude Haghighi, Mohammad Hadi & Maleki, Ali & Riasi, Alireza, 2020. "A numerical study on mechanisms of energy dissipation in a pump as turbine (PAT) using entropy generation theory," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1036-1053.
    14. Hamlehdar, Maryam & Yousefi, Hossein & Noorollahi, Younes & Mohammadi, Mohammad, 2022. "Energy recovery from water distribution networks using micro hydropower: A case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    15. Mehdi Dini & Asghar Asadi, 2020. "Optimal Operational Scheduling of Available Partially Closed Valves for Pressure Management in Water Distribution Networks," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 34(8), pages 2571-2583, June.
    16. Przemysław Średziński & Martyna Świętochowska & Kamil Świętochowski & Joanna Gwoździej-Mazur, 2022. "Analysis of the Use of the PV Installation in the Power Supply of the Water Pumping Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-13, December.
    17. Ávila, Carlos Andrés Macías & Sánchez-Romero, Francisco-Javier & López-Jiménez, P. Amparo & Pérez-Sánchez, Modesto, 2021. "Optimization tool to improve the management of the leakages and recovered energy in irrigation water systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    18. Crespo Chacón, Miguel & Rodríguez Díaz, Juan Antonio & García Morillo, Jorge & McNabola, Aonghus, 2020. "Hydropower energy recovery in irrigation networks: Validation of a methodology for flow prediction and pump as turbine selection," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1728-1738.
    19. Maleki, Ali & Ghorani, Mohammad Mahdi & Haghighi, Mohammad Hadi Sotoude & Riasi, Alireza, 2020. "Numerical study on the effect of viscosity on a multistage pump running in reverse mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 234-254.
    20. Yabin Liu & Lei Tan & Binbin Wang, 2018. "A Review of Tip Clearance in Propeller, Pump and Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-30, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:8:p:3340-:d:1119329. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.