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A Comparative-Analysis-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment of On/Off-Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems: A Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Ruben Zieba Falama

    (National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon)

  • Virgil Dumbrava

    (Department of Power Systems, Faculty of Power Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei, no 313, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Abdelaziz Salah Saidi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Saudi Arabia
    Laboratoire des Systèmes Electriques, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia)

  • Etienne Tchoffo Houdji

    (Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon)

  • Chokri Ben Salah

    (LASEE Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
    ISSAT of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4003, Tunisia)

  • Serge Yamigno Doka

    (National Advanced School of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon)

Abstract

Different configurations of on/off-grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are analyzed and compared in the present research study for optimal decision making in Sub-Saharan Africa, facing the problems of electricity deficit. A multi-criteria analysis is performed for this purpose using MATLAB software for simulation. The obtained results show that the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) corresponding to 0% power supply deficit probability (PSDP) is 0.0819 USD/kWh, 0.0925 USD/kWh, 0.3979 USD/kWh, 0.3251 USD/kWh, 0.1754 USD/kWh, 0.1641 USD/kWh, 0.5385 USD/kWh, and 1.4515 USD/kWh, respectively, for the Grid-PV/Wind/Battery, Grid-PV/Battery, Grid-Wind/Battery, Grid-Wind, PV/Wind/Battery, PV/Battery, Wind/Battery, and stand-alone Wind systems. The CO 2 emissions are 14,888.4 kgCO 2 /year, 16,916.6 kgCO 2 /year, 13,139.7 kgCO 2 /year, 6430.4 kgCO 2 /year, 11,439 kgCO 2 /year, 14,892.5 kgCO 2 /year, 10,252.6 kgCO 2 /year, and 1621.5 kgCO 2 /year, respectively, for the aforementioned systems. It is found that the Grid-connected PV/Wind/Battery is the most cost-effective system leading to a grid energy cost reduction of 30.89%. Hybridization of different renewable energy sources (RESs) could significantly improve the electricity cost and reduce the CO 2 emissions. However, this improvement and this reduction depend on the used RES and the system configuration. On-grid-connected HRESs are more cost-effective than off-grid-connected HRES. The least polluting energy system is the stand-alone Wind system, which allows a reduction in the grid CO 2 emissions by 93.66%. The sensitivity analysis has proven that the long-term investment, the decrease in the battery cost, and the decrease in the discount rate could lead to the reduction in the LCOE.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruben Zieba Falama & Virgil Dumbrava & Abdelaziz Salah Saidi & Etienne Tchoffo Houdji & Chokri Ben Salah & Serge Yamigno Doka, 2023. "A Comparative-Analysis-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment of On/Off-Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:3:p:1540-:d:1057438
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    References listed on IDEAS

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