IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i10p2836-d554910.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Solution to the Problem of Electrical Load Shedding Using Hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-Connected System: The Case of Households’ Energy Supply of the Northern Part of Cameroon

Author

Listed:
  • Ruben Zieba Falama

    (Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon
    Laboratory of Energy Research, Institute for Geological and Mining Research, Yaoundé P.O. Box 4110, Cameroon)

  • Felix Ngangoum Welaji

    (Laboratory of Energy Research, Institute for Geological and Mining Research, Yaoundé P.O. Box 4110, Cameroon)

  • Abdouramani Dadjé

    (School of Geology and Mining Engineering, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon)

  • Virgil Dumbrava

    (Department of Power Systems, Faculty of Power Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei, no 313, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Noël Djongyang

    (Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced Polytechnic School, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O. Box 46, Cameroon)

  • Chokri Ben Salah

    (LASEE Laboratory, ISSAT of Sousse, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sousse, ENIM, Monastir, Tunisia)

  • Serge Yamigno Doka

    (Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O. Box 454, Cameroon)

Abstract

A techno-economic study of a hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-connected system for energy supply is carried out in this paper to respond to the problem of electrical load shedding. An optimal design of the system is realized thanks to a double-objective optimization based on a proposed operational strategy of the system and on Firefly Algorithm (FA). The system is designed for household energy supply in three different towns of the northern part of Cameroon. For different LPSP (Loss of Power Supply Probability), the double objective simulation determines the optimal configurations of the system with their related cost. The optimal and reliable PV/Battery subsystem configuration corresponding to LPSP of 0% obtained for one household is composed for the towns of Maroua and Garoua by 8 PV modules and a battery capacity of 11.304 kWh with 1-day autonomy. For the town of Ngaoundéré, it is composed by 10 PV modules and battery capacity of 11.304 kWh with 1-day autonomy. The related investment costs corresponding to these optimal configurations are USD 6225.6 for Maroua and Garoua and USD 7136.6 for Ngaoundéré. The great proportion of the monthly energy demand consumed by the load is provided by the PV/Battery system. The monthly PV/Battery energy represents 60.385% to 72.546% of the load consumed in Maroua, 58.371% to 71.855% of the load consumed in Garoua, and 61.233% to 74.160% of the load consumed in Ngaoundéré. The annual main grid energy consumed for one household is 1299.524 kWh in Maroua, 1352.818 kWh in Garoua, and 1260.876 kWh in Ngaoundéré. Moreover, the annual PV/Battery energy consumed for one household is 1580.730 kWh in Maroua, 1527.815 kWh in Garoua, and 1619.530 kWh in Ngaoundéré. Thus, the PV/Battery system, by reducing the grid energy consumption, acts as the principal source of energy of the whole system. The time the PV/Battery/Grid-connected system needs to be economically more advantageous than the electric grid without blackouts is 17 years for Maroua and 18 years for both Garoua and Ngaoundéré. It is demonstrated in this paper that the hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-connected system is an effective solution for electrical load shedding in sub-Saharan zones. This system is very useful for grid energy consumption reduction. For a long-term investment, the PV/Battery/Grid-connected system is more economically advantageous than the main grid alone.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruben Zieba Falama & Felix Ngangoum Welaji & Abdouramani Dadjé & Virgil Dumbrava & Noël Djongyang & Chokri Ben Salah & Serge Yamigno Doka, 2021. "A Solution to the Problem of Electrical Load Shedding Using Hybrid PV/Battery/Grid-Connected System: The Case of Households’ Energy Supply of the Northern Part of Cameroon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2836-:d:554910
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/10/2836/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/10/2836/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mahmoudimehr, Javad & Shabani, Masoume, 2018. "Optimal design of hybrid photovoltaic-hydroelectric standalone energy system for north and south of Iran," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 238-251.
    2. Murphy, Patrick Mark & Twaha, Ssennoga & Murphy, Inês S., 2014. "Analysis of the cost of reliable electricity: A new method for analyzing grid connected solar, diesel and hybrid distributed electricity systems considering an unreliable electric grid, with examples ," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 523-534.
    3. Ihsan Ullah & Muhammad Babar Rasheed & Thamer Alquthami & Shahzadi Tayyaba, 2019. "A Residential Load Scheduling with the Integration of On-Site PV and Energy Storage Systems in Micro-Grid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-36, December.
    4. Abdelkader, Abbassi & Rabeh, Abbassi & Mohamed Ali, Dami & Mohamed, Jemli, 2018. "Multi-objective genetic algorithm based sizing optimization of a stand-alone wind/PV power supply system with enhanced battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 351-363.
    5. Fadaee, M. & Radzi, M.A.M., 2012. "Multi-objective optimization of a stand-alone hybrid renewable energy system by using evolutionary algorithms: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3364-3369.
    6. Chandel, S.S. & Nagaraju Naik, M. & Chandel, Rahul, 2015. "Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 1084-1099.
    7. Pouriya H. Niknam & Lorenzo Talluri & Daniele Fiaschi & Giampaolo Manfrida, 2020. "Improved Solubility Model for Pure Gas and Binary Mixture of CO 2 -H 2 S in Water: A Geothermal Case Study with Total Reinjection," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-14, June.
    8. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin & Peng, Jinqing, 2015. "Pumped storage-based standalone photovoltaic power generation system: Modeling and techno-economic optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 649-659.
    9. Akbar Maleki & Marc A. Rosen & Fathollah Pourfayaz, 2017. "Optimal Operation of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Residential Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-20, July.
    10. Joseph Oyekale & Mario Petrollese & Vittorio Tola & Giorgio Cau, 2020. "Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources on Effectiveness of Grid-Integrated Systems: Succinct Review of Current Challenges and Potential Solution Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-48, September.
    11. Claude Crampes & Thomas-Olivier Léautier, 2012. "Distributed Load-Shedding in the Balancing of Electricity Markets," RSCAS Working Papers 2012/40, European University Institute.
    12. Rosario Miceli, 2013. "Energy Management and Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-29, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Falama, Ruben Zieba & Saidi, Abdelaziz Salah & Soulouknga, Marcel Hamda & Salah, Chokri Ben, 2023. "A techno-economic comparative study of renewable energy systems based different storage devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Ruben Zieba Falama & Virgil Dumbrava & Abdelaziz Salah Saidi & Etienne Tchoffo Houdji & Chokri Ben Salah & Serge Yamigno Doka, 2023. "A Comparative-Analysis-Based Multi-Criteria Assessment of On/Off-Grid-Connected Renewable Energy Systems: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-25, February.
    3. Ruben Zieba Falama & Wojciech Skarka & Serge Yamigno Doka, 2022. "Optimal Design and Comparative Analysis of a PV/Mini-Hydropower and a PV/Battery Used for Electricity and Water Supply," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Muhammad Paend Bakht & Zainal Salam & Mehr Gul & Waqas Anjum & Mohamad Anuar Kamaruddin & Nuzhat Khan & Abba Lawan Bukar, 2022. "The Potential Role of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Grid Intermittency Problem: A Techno-Economic Optimisation and Comparative Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-29, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Makhdoomi, Sina & Askarzadeh, Alireza, 2020. "Daily performance optimization of a grid-connected hybrid system composed of photovoltaic and pumped hydro storage (PV/PHS)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 272-285.
    2. Ruben Zieba Falama & Wojciech Skarka & Serge Yamigno Doka, 2022. "Optimal Design and Comparative Analysis of a PV/Mini-Hydropower and a PV/Battery Used for Electricity and Water Supply," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-22, December.
    3. Laura Canale & Anna Rita Di Fazio & Mario Russo & Andrea Frattolillo & Marco Dell’Isola, 2021. "An Overview on Functional Integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems in Multi-Energy Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-33, February.
    4. Shabani, Masoume & Mahmoudimehr, Javad, 2019. "Influence of climatological data records on design of a standalone hybrid PV-hydroelectric power system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 181-194.
    5. Muhsen, Dhiaa Halboot & Khatib, Tamer & Nagi, Farrukh, 2017. "A review of photovoltaic water pumping system designing methods, control strategies and field performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 70-86.
    6. Mahesh Vinayak Hadole & Kamlesh Narayan Tiwari & Prabodh Bajpai, 2021. "Energy generation and flow rate prediction of photovoltaic water pumping system for irrigation," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 6722-6733, May.
    7. Javed, Muhammad Shahzad & Ma, Tao & Jurasz, Jakub & Amin, Muhammad Yasir, 2020. "Solar and wind power generation systems with pumped hydro storage: Review and future perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 176-192.
    8. Zhang, Bo & Qiu, Rui & Liao, Qi & Liang, Yongtu & Ji, Haoran & Jing, Rui, 2022. "Design and operation optimization of city-level off-grid hydro–photovoltaic complementary system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    9. Ahmed, Eihab E.E. & Demirci, Alpaslan, 2022. "Multi-stage and multi-objective optimization for optimal sizing of stand-alone photovoltaic water pumping systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    10. Mahfoud, Rabea Jamil & Alkayem, Nizar Faisal & Zhang, Yuquan & Zheng, Yuan & Sun, Yonghui & Alhelou, Hassan Haes, 2023. "Optimal operation of pumped hydro storage-based energy systems: A compendium of current challenges and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    11. Xu, Xiao & Hu, Weihao & Cao, Di & Huang, Qi & Chen, Cong & Chen, Zhe, 2020. "Optimized sizing of a standalone PV-wind-hydropower station with pumped-storage installation hybrid energy system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1418-1431.
    12. Fioriti, Davide & Pintus, Salvatore & Lutzemberger, Giovanni & Poli, Davide, 2020. "Economic multi-objective approach to design off-grid microgrids: A support for business decision making," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 693-704.
    13. Zurita, Adriana & Mata-Torres, Carlos & Cardemil, José M. & Guédez, Rafael & Escobar, Rodrigo A., 2021. "Multi-objective optimal design of solar power plants with storage systems according to dispatch strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    14. Panagiota M. Deligianni & George J. Tsekouras & Costas D. Tsirekis & Vassiliki T. Kontargyri & Fotis D. Kanellos & Panagiotis A. Kontaxis, 2020. "Techno-Economic Optimization Analysis of an Autonomous Photovoltaic Power System for a Shoreline Electrode Station of HVDC Link: Case Study of an Electrode Station on the Small Island of Stachtoroi fo," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-49, October.
    15. Makhdoomi, Sina & Askarzadeh, Alireza, 2021. "Impact of solar tracker and energy storage system on sizing of hybrid energy systems: A comparison between diesel/PV/PHS and diesel/PV/FC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    16. Islam, M.S. & Das, Barun K. & Das, Pronob & Rahaman, Md Habibur, 2021. "Techno-economic optimization of a zero emission energy system for a coastal community in Newfoundland, Canada," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
    17. Arnau González & Jordi-Roger Riba & Antoni Rius, 2015. "Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid Grid-Connected Photovoltaic–Wind–Biomass Power System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-20, September.
    18. Muhsen, Dhiaa Halboot & Ghazali, Abu Bakar & Khatib, Tamer & Abed, Issa Ahmed & Natsheh, Emad M., 2016. "Sizing of a standalone photovoltaic water pumping system using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 961-973.
    19. Yaichi, Mohammed & Fellah, Mohammed-Karim & Tayebi, Azzedinne & Boutadara, Abdelkader, 2019. "A fast and simplified method using non-linear translation of operating points for PV modules energy output and daily pumped water to predict the performance of a stand-alone photovoltaic pumping syste," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 248-260.
    20. Shabani, Masoume & Mahmoudimehr, Javad, 2018. "Techno-economic role of PV tracking technology in a hybrid PV-hydroelectric standalone power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 84-108.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:10:p:2836-:d:554910. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.