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Investigation of Flow Fields Emanating from Two Parallel Inlet Valves Using LES, PIV, and POD

Author

Listed:
  • Jana Hoffmann

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Walter Vera-Tudela

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Niklas Mirsch

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Dario Wüthrich

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Bruno Schneider

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Marco Günther

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Stefan Pischinger

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Daniel A. Weiss

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Kai Herrmann

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

Abstract

Understanding cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) is of practical importance for the combustion of fossil and renewable fuels, as increasingly stringent emission regulations require reductions in the negative effects of such variations. The subject of this study is the flow around inlet valves, since oscillations of such inlet flows affect the flow structure in the cylinder and are thus one of the causes of CCV. To this end, a parametric analysis of the influences of the mass flow rate and valve lift of two parallel engine intake valves on the flow structures is performed. This follows on from an earlier similar study where the flow around a single intake valve was investigated. To analyse the flow behaviour and, in particular, the interactions of the flow leaving these two valves, an optical test rig for 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a large eddy simulation (LES) are used. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), together with a quadruple decomposition and the Reynolds stress transport equations, are used to study the turbulence phenomena. The PIV and LES results are in good agreement with each other. The detailed LES analysis of the flow structures shows that, for small valve lifts, the flow separates along the whole perimeter of the intake valve, and for larger valve lifts, the flow escapes only to one side. This is, for combustion engines with the tumble concept, the stage at which the tumble movement develops. Moreover, the flow structures are strongly influenced by the valve lift, while they are unaffected by the variation in the mass flow. The turbulent kinetic energy in the flow field increases quadratically with a decreasing valve lift and increasing mass flow. The large, high-energetic flow structures are particularly dominant near the jet, and the small, low-energetic structures are homogeneously distributed within the flow field. The specific Reynolds stress transport equation shows the limitations of two-dimensionality and large timesteps in the PIV results and the limitations of the LES model.

Suggested Citation

  • Jana Hoffmann & Walter Vera-Tudela & Niklas Mirsch & Dario Wüthrich & Bruno Schneider & Marco Günther & Stefan Pischinger & Daniel A. Weiss & Kai Herrmann, 2023. "Investigation of Flow Fields Emanating from Two Parallel Inlet Valves Using LES, PIV, and POD," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6917-:d:1252110
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jana Hoffmann & Niklas Mirsch & Walter Vera-Tudela & Dario Wüthrich & Jorim Rosenberg & Marco Günther & Stefan Pischinger & Daniel A. Weiss & Kai Herrmann, 2023. "Flow Field Investigation of a Single Engine Valve Using PIV, POD, and LES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Mohammed El-Adawy & Morgan R. Heikal & A. Rashid A. Aziz & Muhammad I. Siddiqui & Shahzad Munir, 2017. "Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Clenci, Adrian Constantin & Iorga-Simăn, Victor & Deligant, Michael & Podevin, Pierre & Descombes, Georges & Niculescu, Rodica, 2014. "A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) study on the effects of operating an engine with low intake valve lift at idle corresponding speed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 202-217.
    4. Teodosio, Luigi & Pirrello, Dino & Berni, Fabio & De Bellis, Vincenzo & Lanzafame, Rosario & D'Adamo, Alessandro, 2018. "Impact of intake valve strategies on fuel consumption and knock tendency of a spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 91-104.
    5. Wahono, Bambang & Setiawan, Ardhika & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2019. "Experimental study and numerical simulation on in-cylinder flow of small motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. Yang, Jie & Dong, Xue & Wu, Qiang & Xu, Min, 2019. "Effects of enhanced tumble ratios on the in-cylinder performance of a gasoline direct injection optical engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 137-146.
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