IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i19p6917-d1252110.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Investigation of Flow Fields Emanating from Two Parallel Inlet Valves Using LES, PIV, and POD

Author

Listed:
  • Jana Hoffmann

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Walter Vera-Tudela

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Niklas Mirsch

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Dario Wüthrich

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Bruno Schneider

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Marco Günther

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Stefan Pischinger

    (Thermodynamics of Mobile Energy Conversion Systems (TME), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 4, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Daniel A. Weiss

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

  • Kai Herrmann

    (Institute of Thermal and Fluid Engineering (ITFE), University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Klosterzelgstrasse 2, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland)

Abstract

Understanding cycle-to-cycle variations (CCV) is of practical importance for the combustion of fossil and renewable fuels, as increasingly stringent emission regulations require reductions in the negative effects of such variations. The subject of this study is the flow around inlet valves, since oscillations of such inlet flows affect the flow structure in the cylinder and are thus one of the causes of CCV. To this end, a parametric analysis of the influences of the mass flow rate and valve lift of two parallel engine intake valves on the flow structures is performed. This follows on from an earlier similar study where the flow around a single intake valve was investigated. To analyse the flow behaviour and, in particular, the interactions of the flow leaving these two valves, an optical test rig for 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) and a large eddy simulation (LES) are used. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), together with a quadruple decomposition and the Reynolds stress transport equations, are used to study the turbulence phenomena. The PIV and LES results are in good agreement with each other. The detailed LES analysis of the flow structures shows that, for small valve lifts, the flow separates along the whole perimeter of the intake valve, and for larger valve lifts, the flow escapes only to one side. This is, for combustion engines with the tumble concept, the stage at which the tumble movement develops. Moreover, the flow structures are strongly influenced by the valve lift, while they are unaffected by the variation in the mass flow. The turbulent kinetic energy in the flow field increases quadratically with a decreasing valve lift and increasing mass flow. The large, high-energetic flow structures are particularly dominant near the jet, and the small, low-energetic structures are homogeneously distributed within the flow field. The specific Reynolds stress transport equation shows the limitations of two-dimensionality and large timesteps in the PIV results and the limitations of the LES model.

Suggested Citation

  • Jana Hoffmann & Walter Vera-Tudela & Niklas Mirsch & Dario Wüthrich & Bruno Schneider & Marco Günther & Stefan Pischinger & Daniel A. Weiss & Kai Herrmann, 2023. "Investigation of Flow Fields Emanating from Two Parallel Inlet Valves Using LES, PIV, and POD," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-29, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6917-:d:1252110
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6917/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/19/6917/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jana Hoffmann & Niklas Mirsch & Walter Vera-Tudela & Dario Wüthrich & Jorim Rosenberg & Marco Günther & Stefan Pischinger & Daniel A. Weiss & Kai Herrmann, 2023. "Flow Field Investigation of a Single Engine Valve Using PIV, POD, and LES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Mohammed El-Adawy & Morgan R. Heikal & A. Rashid A. Aziz & Muhammad I. Siddiqui & Shahzad Munir, 2017. "Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-16, November.
    3. Yang, Jie & Dong, Xue & Wu, Qiang & Xu, Min, 2019. "Effects of enhanced tumble ratios on the in-cylinder performance of a gasoline direct injection optical engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 137-146.
    4. Clenci, Adrian Constantin & Iorga-Simăn, Victor & Deligant, Michael & Podevin, Pierre & Descombes, Georges & Niculescu, Rodica, 2014. "A CFD (computational fluid dynamics) study on the effects of operating an engine with low intake valve lift at idle corresponding speed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 202-217.
    5. Teodosio, Luigi & Pirrello, Dino & Berni, Fabio & De Bellis, Vincenzo & Lanzafame, Rosario & D'Adamo, Alessandro, 2018. "Impact of intake valve strategies on fuel consumption and knock tendency of a spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 91-104.
    6. Wahono, Bambang & Setiawan, Ardhika & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2019. "Experimental study and numerical simulation on in-cylinder flow of small motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jana Hoffmann & Niklas Mirsch & Walter Vera-Tudela & Dario Wüthrich & Jorim Rosenberg & Marco Günther & Stefan Pischinger & Daniel A. Weiss & Kai Herrmann, 2023. "Flow Field Investigation of a Single Engine Valve Using PIV, POD, and LES," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-31, March.
    2. Wahono, Bambang & Setiawan, Ardhika & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2021. "Effect of the intake port flow direction on the stability and characteristics of the in-cylinder flow field of a small motorcycle engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    3. Zhou, Xianjie & Chen, Zheng & Zou, Peng & Liu, Jingping & Duan, Xiongbo & Qin, Tao & Zhang, Shiheng & Shen, Dazi, 2020. "Combustion and energy balance analysis of an unthrottled gasoline engine equipped with innovative variable valvetrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    4. Zhang, Wei & Chen, Zhaohui & Duan, Qiwang & Jiang, Qianyu, 2021. "Visual test and evolutionary analysis of flow fields in cylinder of helical intake port diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    5. Ramasamy, D. & Zainal, Z.A. & Kadirgama, K. & Walker-Gitano Briggs, Horizon, 2016. "Effect of dissimilar valve lift on a bi-fuel CNG engine operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 509-519.
    6. Zhenyang Zhang & Hongwei Ma, 2019. "Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Investigation of Blade and Purge Flow Impacts on Inter-Stage Flow Field in a Research Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Zhu, Zengqiang & Mu, Zhiqiang & Wei, Yanju & Du, Ruiheng & Guan, Wei & Liu, Shenghua, 2022. "Cylinder-to-cylinder variation of knock and effects of mixture formation on knock tendency for a heavy-duty spark ignition methanol engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    8. Fard, Soheil Mohagheghi & Huang, Yanjun & Khazraee, Milad & Khajepour, Amir, 2017. "A novel anti-idling system for service vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 650-659.
    9. Li, Yangtao & Khajepour, Amir & Devaud, Cécile, 2018. "Realization of variable Otto-Atkinson cycle using variable timing hydraulic actuated valve train for performance and efficiency improvements in unthrottled gasoline engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 199-215.
    10. Mohammed El-Adawy & Morgan R. Heikal & A. Rashid A. Aziz & Ibrahim Khalil Adam & Mhadi A. Ismael & Mohammed E. Babiker & Masri B. Baharom & Firmansyah & Ezrann Zharif Zainal Abidin, 2018. "On the Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) for In-Cylinder Flow Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-22, August.
    11. Fabio Bozza & Vincenzo De Bellis & Enrica Malfi & Luigi Teodosio & Daniela Tufano, 2020. "Optimal Calibration Strategy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with an Ultra-Lean Pre-Chamber SI Engine for the Minimization of CO 2 and Pollutant Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-25, August.
    12. Gülcan, Halil Erdi & Gültekin, Nurullah & Ciniviz, Murat, 2024. "Experimental investigation of the effect of variable valve lift on combustion stability and exhaust emissions in a diesel/methane CRDI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    13. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Martínez-Boggio, Santiago & Wittek, Karsten, 2020. "Potential of hybrid powertrains in a variable compression ratio downsized turbocharged VVA Spark Ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    14. Ji, Changwei & Shi, Lei & Wang, Shuofeng & Cong, Xiaoyu & Su, Teng & Yu, Menghui, 2017. "Investigation on performance of a spark-ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether and gasoline mixtures under idle and stoichiometric conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 335-342.
    15. d'Adamo, A. & Breda, S. & Berni, F. & Fontanesi, S., 2019. "The potential of statistical RANS to predict knock tendency: Comparison with LES and experiments on a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 126-142.
    16. Tornatore, Cinzia & Bozza, Fabio & De Bellis, Vincenzo & Teodosio, Luigi & Valentino, Gerardo & Marchitto, Luca, 2019. "Experimental and numerical study on the influence of cooled EGR on knock tendency, performance and emissions of a downsized spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 968-976.
    17. Lei Zhou & Xiaojun Zhang & Lijia Zhong & Jie Yu, 2020. "Effects of Flame Propagation Velocity and Turbulence Intensity on End-Gas Auto-Ignition in a Spark Ignition Gasoline Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-23, September.
    18. Tripathy, Srinibas & Das, Abhimanyu & Srivastava, Dhananjay Kumar, 2020. "Electro-pneumatic variable valve actuation system for camless engine: Part II-fuel consumption improvement through un-throttled operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    19. Xiang Li & Yiqiang Pei & Dayou Li & Tahmina Ajmal & Khaqan-Jim Rana & Abdel Aitouche & Raouf Mobasheri & Zhijun Peng, 2021. "Effects of Water Injection Strategies on Oxy-Fuel Combustion Characteristics of a Dual-Injection Spark Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, August.
    20. Qian, Jin-yuan & Wei, Lin & Zhang, Ming & Chen, Fu-qiang & Chen, Li-long & Jiang, Wei-kang & Jin, Zhi-jiang, 2017. "Flow rate analysis of compressible superheated steam through pressure reducing valves," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 650-658.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6917-:d:1252110. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.