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Study on the Life Cycle Assessment of Automotive Power Batteries Considering Multi-Cycle Utilization

Author

Listed:
  • Yongtao Liu

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Chunmei Zhang

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Zhuo Hao

    (CATARC New Energy Vehicle Test Center (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300000, China)

  • Xu Cai

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Chuanpan Liu

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Jianzhang Zhang

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Shu Wang

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

  • Yisong Chen

    (School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China)

Abstract

This article utilizes the research method of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to scrutinize Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries and Ternary Lithium (NCM) batteries. It develops life cycle models representing the material, energy, and emission flows for power batteries, exploring the environmental impact and energy efficiency throughout the life cycles of these batteries. The life cycle assessment results of different power battery recycling process scenarios are compared and analyzed. This study focuses on retired LFP batteries to assess the environmental and energy efficiency during the cascade utilization stage, based on a 50% Single-Cell Conversion Rate (CCR). The findings of the research reveal that, in terms of resource depletion and environmental emission potential, LFP batteries exhibit lower impacts compared to NCM batteries. The use of hydrometallurgy in recovering LFP power batteries leads to minimal life cycle resource consumption and environmental emission potential. During the cascade utilization stage of LFP batteries, significant benefits are noted, including a 76% reduction in mineral resource depletion (ADP e) and an 83% reduction in fossil energy depletion (ADP f), alongside notable reductions in various environmental impact factors. Simultaneously, considering the sensitivity of life cycle assessment indicators and their benefit percentages to different CCRs, it is observed that ODP exhibits the highest sensitivity to CCR changes, while evaluation indicators such as HTP, AP, and GWP show relatively lower sensitivity. This study can provide an effective reference for the establishment of an energy saving and emission reduction evaluation system of power batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Yongtao Liu & Chunmei Zhang & Zhuo Hao & Xu Cai & Chuanpan Liu & Jianzhang Zhang & Shu Wang & Yisong Chen, 2023. "Study on the Life Cycle Assessment of Automotive Power Batteries Considering Multi-Cycle Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6859-:d:1249749
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    4. Christos S. Ioakimidis & Alberto Murillo-Marrodán & Ali Bagheri & Dimitrios Thomas & Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis, 2019. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) Electric Vehicle Battery in Second Life Application Scenarios," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, May.
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