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An Incentive-Based Mechanism to Enhance Energy Trading among Microgrids, EVs, and Grid

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  • Muhammad Ahsan Khan

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea)

  • Akhtar Hussain

    (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada)

  • Woon-Gyu Lee

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea)

  • Hak-Man Kim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
    Research Institute for Northeast Asian Super Grid, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The growing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces both opportunities and challenges for power grid operators. Incentivization is considered a viable option to tempt EV owners to participate in supporting the grid during peak load intervals while receiving compensation for their services. Therefore, this study proposes a two-step incentive mechanism to reduce the peak load of the grid by enabling power trading among the microgrid, EVs and the utility grid. In the first step, an incentive price is determined for EVs considering the grid-loading conditions during different hours of the day. In the second step, a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to optimize trading among different entities, such as EVs, the microgrid and the utility grid. The two objectives considered in this study are the operation cost of the microgrid and the revenue of EVs. Monte Carlo simulations are used to deal with uncertainties associated with EVs. Simulations are conducted to analyze the impact of different weight parameters on the energy-trading amount and operation cost of EVs and MG. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the impact of changes in the EV fleet size on the energy-trading amount and operation cost.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Ahsan Khan & Akhtar Hussain & Woon-Gyu Lee & Hak-Man Kim, 2023. "An Incentive-Based Mechanism to Enhance Energy Trading among Microgrids, EVs, and Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-23, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:17:p:6359-:d:1231381
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    References listed on IDEAS

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