IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i9p3393-d809747.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Lean Burn Flame Kernel Characterization for Different Spark Plug Designs and Orientations in an Optical GDI Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Giovanni Cecere

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy
    Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Adrian Irimescu

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy)

  • Simona Silvia Merola

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy)

  • Luciano Rolando

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Federico Millo

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Lean burn spark ignition (SI) engines represent an effective solution for improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions and can be implemented both in conventional and hybrid powertrains. On the other hand, lean operation increases cyclic variability with negative impact on power output, engine efficiency, roughness, and operating stability. Although this phenomenon has been widely investigated, the effects of flow field on the inception and development of flames in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines under lean burn conditions is not yet completely understood. In particular, the effect of spark plug geometry and electrode orientation with respect to tumble motion has been minimally investigated. For these reasons, two different spark-plug geometries (i.e., single- and double-ground electrode) and three different orientations (i.e., cross-, counter-, and uni-flow with respect to the direction of tumble motion) were investigated in an optically accessible DISI engine for understanding their influence on the initial phase of combustion. The relative air–fuel ratio (AFR rel ) was changed from stoichiometric to lean burn (1.00 to 1.30) for different spark timings around the maximum brake torque setting at fixed engine speed (2000 rpm). An image processing procedure was developed for evaluating the morphological parameters of flame kernels and studying the effects of spark plug design on engine operating stability. With a focus on the correlation between the position where ignition occurs with the subsequent locations of the flame kernel during the first phases of the combustion process, the analysis allowed the gathering of a better understanding of the influence that the electrodes’ geometries and orientation can have on the first stages of combustion development.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Cecere & Adrian Irimescu & Simona Silvia Merola & Luciano Rolando & Federico Millo, 2022. "Lean Burn Flame Kernel Characterization for Different Spark Plug Designs and Orientations in an Optical GDI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3393-:d:809747
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3393/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3393/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Santiago Martinez & Adrian Irimescu & Simona Silvia Merola & Pedro Lacava & Pedro Curto-Riso, 2017. "Flame Front Propagation in an Optical GDI Engine under Stoichiometric and Lean Burn Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Wadekar, S. & Janas, P. & Oevermann, M., 2019. "Large-eddy simulation study of combustion cyclic variation in a lean-burn spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    3. Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos, Nathália & Rückert Roso, Vinícius & Teixeira Malaquias, Augusto César & Coelho Baêta, José Guilherme, 2021. "Internal combustion engines and biofuels: Examining why this robust combination should not be ignored for future sustainable transportation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    4. Duan, Xiongbo & Liu, Jingping & Tan, Yonghao & Luo, Baojun & Guo, Genmiao & Wu, Zhenkuo & Liu, Weiqiang & Li, Yangyang, 2018. "Influence of single injection and two-stagnation injection strategy on thermodynamic process and performance of a turbocharged direct-injection spark-ignition engine fuelled with ethanol and gasoline ," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 942-953.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Leszek Mieszkalski & Joao Gilberto Mendes dos Reis & Jonas Matijošius & Michał Wocial & Ivan Kuric & Simone Pascuzzi, 2023. "Analysis of the Influence of the Spark Plug on Exhaust Gas Composition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-25, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sumitkumar, Rathor & Al-Sumaiti, Ameena Saad, 2024. "Shared autonomous electric vehicle: Towards social economy of energy and mobility from power-transportation nexus perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    2. Manju Dhakad Tanwar & Felipe Andrade Torres & Ali Mubarak Alqahtani & Pankaj Kumar Tanwar & Yashas Bhand & Omid Doustdar, 2023. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Gong, Changming & Yi, Lin & Zhang, Zilei & Sun, Jingzhen & Liu, Fenghua, 2020. "Assessment of ultra-lean burn characteristics for a stratified-charge direct-injection spark-ignition methanol engine under different high compression ratios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    4. Ooi, Jong Boon & Kau, Chia Chuin & Manoharan, Dilrukshan Naveen & Wang, Xin & Tran, Manh-Vu & Hung, Yew Mun, 2023. "Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine fueled with palm-oil biodiesel-diesel blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    5. Ba, Jin & Wei, Wu & Zhao, Lun & Gang, Xiao & Dong, Wenzhi & Zhou, Tingyu, 2023. "Numerical simulation of trans-/near-/supercritical injection characteristics based on real fluid properties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    6. d'Adamo, A. & Iacovano, C. & Fontanesi, S., 2020. "Large-Eddy simulation of lean and ultra-lean combustion using advanced ignition modelling in a transparent combustion chamber engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    7. Duan, Xiongbo & Xu, Zhengxin & Sun, Xingyu & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping, 2021. "Effects of injection timing and EGR on combustion and emissions characteristics of the diesel engine fuelled with acetone–butanol–ethanol/diesel blend fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    8. Piero Danieli & Massimo Masi & Andrea Lazzaretto & Gianluca Carraro & Enrico Dal Cin & Gabriele Volpato, 2023. "Is Banning Fossil-Fueled Internal Combustion Engines the First Step in a Realistic Transition to a 100% RES Share?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-18, July.
    9. Israel Reyes-Ramírez & Santiago D. Martínez-Boggio & Pedro L. Curto-Risso & Alejandro Medina & Antonio Calvo Hernández & Lev Guzmán-Vargas, 2018. "Symbolic Analysis of the Cycle-to-Cycle Variability of a Gasoline–Hydrogen Fueled Spark Engine Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, April.
    10. S.D. Martinez-Boggio & S.S. Merola & P. Teixeira Lacava & A. Irimescu & P.L. Curto-Risso, 2019. "Effect of Fuel and Air Dilution on Syngas Combustion in an Optical SI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-23, April.
    11. Zhao, Wenbin & Mi, Shijie & Wu, Haoqing & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2022. "Towards a comprehensive understanding of mode transition between biodiesel-biobutanol dual-fuel ICCI low temperature combustion and conventional CI combustion - Part ΙΙ: A system optimization at low l," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    12. de Souza, T.A.Z. & Pinto, G.M. & Julio, A.A.V. & Coronado, C.J.R. & Perez-Herrera, R. & Siqueira, B.O.P.S. & da Costa, R.B.R. & Roberts, J.J. & Palacio, J.C.E., 2022. "Biodiesel in South American countries: A review on policies, stages of development and imminent competition with hydrotreated vegetable oil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    13. Maarten Vlaswinkel & Frank Willems, 2024. "Data-Based In-Cylinder Pressure Model with Cyclic Variations for Combustion Control: An RCCI Engine Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-19, April.
    14. Wang, Wenchao & Li, Fashe & Wang, Hua, 2023. "Numerical simulation study on the effect of different oxygen-enrichment atmospheres on diesel combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    15. Andrés David Morales Rojas & Sebastián Heredia Quintana & Iván Darío Bedoya Caro, 2024. "Experimental Study of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Using Hydrogen at High-Altitude Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, February.
    16. Barbosa, Társis Prado & Eckert, Jony Javorski & Roso, Vinícius Rückert & Pujatti, Fabrício José Pacheco & da Silva, Leonardo Adolpho Rodrigues & Horta Gutiérrez, Juan Carlos, 2021. "Fuel saving and lower pollutants emissions using an ethanol-fueled engine in a hydraulic hybrid passengers vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    17. Duanzheng Zhao & Wenzhi Gao & Yuhuai Li & Zhen Fu & Xinyu Hua & Yuxuan Zhang, 2024. "Simulation Study on Combustion Performance of Ammonia-Hydrogen Fuel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-17, May.
    18. Zhao, Wenbin & Wu, Haoqing & Mi, Shijie & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the control strategy of high load extension under iso-butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    19. Faissal Jelti & Amine Allouhi & Kheira Anissa Tabet Aoul, 2023. "Transition Paths towards a Sustainable Transportation System: A Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-25, October.
    20. Yan, Xiaodong & Feng, Huihua & Zuo, Zhengxing & Zhang, Zhiyuan & Wu, Limin & Shi, Cheng, 2021. "A study on the working characteristics of free piston linear generator with dual cylinder configuration by different secondary injection strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3393-:d:809747. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.