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Lean Burn Flame Kernel Characterization for Different Spark Plug Designs and Orientations in an Optical GDI Engine

Author

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  • Giovanni Cecere

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy
    Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Adrian Irimescu

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy)

  • Simona Silvia Merola

    (CNR STEMS_Science and Technology Institute for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, Via Guglielmo Marconi 4, 80125 Napoli, Italy)

  • Luciano Rolando

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

  • Federico Millo

    (Energy Department, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy)

Abstract

Lean burn spark ignition (SI) engines represent an effective solution for improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions and can be implemented both in conventional and hybrid powertrains. On the other hand, lean operation increases cyclic variability with negative impact on power output, engine efficiency, roughness, and operating stability. Although this phenomenon has been widely investigated, the effects of flow field on the inception and development of flames in direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines under lean burn conditions is not yet completely understood. In particular, the effect of spark plug geometry and electrode orientation with respect to tumble motion has been minimally investigated. For these reasons, two different spark-plug geometries (i.e., single- and double-ground electrode) and three different orientations (i.e., cross-, counter-, and uni-flow with respect to the direction of tumble motion) were investigated in an optically accessible DISI engine for understanding their influence on the initial phase of combustion. The relative air–fuel ratio (AFR rel ) was changed from stoichiometric to lean burn (1.00 to 1.30) for different spark timings around the maximum brake torque setting at fixed engine speed (2000 rpm). An image processing procedure was developed for evaluating the morphological parameters of flame kernels and studying the effects of spark plug design on engine operating stability. With a focus on the correlation between the position where ignition occurs with the subsequent locations of the flame kernel during the first phases of the combustion process, the analysis allowed the gathering of a better understanding of the influence that the electrodes’ geometries and orientation can have on the first stages of combustion development.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovanni Cecere & Adrian Irimescu & Simona Silvia Merola & Luciano Rolando & Federico Millo, 2022. "Lean Burn Flame Kernel Characterization for Different Spark Plug Designs and Orientations in an Optical GDI Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3393-:d:809747
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Santiago Martinez & Adrian Irimescu & Simona Silvia Merola & Pedro Lacava & Pedro Curto-Riso, 2017. "Flame Front Propagation in an Optical GDI Engine under Stoichiometric and Lean Burn Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos, Nathália & Rückert Roso, Vinícius & Teixeira Malaquias, Augusto César & Coelho Baêta, José Guilherme, 2021. "Internal combustion engines and biofuels: Examining why this robust combination should not be ignored for future sustainable transportation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    3. Wadekar, S. & Janas, P. & Oevermann, M., 2019. "Large-eddy simulation study of combustion cyclic variation in a lean-burn spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    4. Duan, Xiongbo & Liu, Jingping & Tan, Yonghao & Luo, Baojun & Guo, Genmiao & Wu, Zhenkuo & Liu, Weiqiang & Li, Yangyang, 2018. "Influence of single injection and two-stagnation injection strategy on thermodynamic process and performance of a turbocharged direct-injection spark-ignition engine fuelled with ethanol and gasoline ," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 942-953.
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    Cited by:

    1. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Leszek Mieszkalski & Joao Gilberto Mendes dos Reis & Jonas Matijošius & Michał Wocial & Ivan Kuric & Simone Pascuzzi, 2023. "Analysis of the Influence of the Spark Plug on Exhaust Gas Composition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-25, May.

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