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Impact on the Power Grid Caused via Ultra-Fast Charging Technologies of the Electric Buses Fleet

Author

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  • Mohammed Al-Saadi

    (MOBI Research Group, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
    The technical manager of the ASSURED project.)

  • Sharmistha Bhattacharyya

    (Enexis Netbeheer BV, 1077 XX Tilburg, The Netherlands)

  • Pierre Van Tichelen

    (Belgisch Laboratorium, Van De Elektriciteitsindustrie Laborelec CVBA, 1630 Linkebeek, Belgium)

  • Manuel Mathes

    (Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF, Bartningstraße 47, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Johannes Käsgen

    (Fraunhofer-Institut für Betriebsfestigkeit und Systemzuverlässigkeit LBF, Bartningstraße 47, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany)

  • Joeri Van Mierlo

    (MOBI Research Group, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
    Flanders Make, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium)

  • Maitane Berecibar

    (MOBI Research Group, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium)

Abstract

Battery Electric Buses (BEBs) are considerably integrated into cities worldwide. These buses have a strict schedule; thus, they could be charged in a very short time with a power level up to 600 kW. The high-power systems and short charging times imply special grid operation conditions that should be taken into account. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of their charging infrastructure on the distribution system operation, especially near the charging point. This work presents two Use Cases (UCs) from two demos (Germany and the Netherlands) to investigate the impact of the slow and fast-chargers’ integrations on the power grid and environment. Fast-chargers up to 350 kW based on pantograph technology and slow-chargers up to 50 kW based on Combined Charging System Type 2 (CCS2) are used on the BEB line route and in the depot, respectively. The charging of BEBs with these solutions is studied here to investigate their impact on the grid in terms of power quality. It was found that the voltage variations due to fast-chargers terminal remain much below the EN50160 standard limit values i.e., ±10%. The obtained maximum Total Harmonic Voltage Distortion (THDv) value is 2.7%, with an average value of 1.3%, which is below the limit value of 8%, as per the standard EN 50160. Similarly, the individual harmonic currents were measured. The maximum value of total harmonic current distortion (THDI) is around 25%, with an average value of 3% only. As the average value of THDI is quite low, the harmonic current pollution is not a big concern for the installation at this time.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed Al-Saadi & Sharmistha Bhattacharyya & Pierre Van Tichelen & Manuel Mathes & Johannes Käsgen & Joeri Van Mierlo & Maitane Berecibar, 2022. "Impact on the Power Grid Caused via Ultra-Fast Charging Technologies of the Electric Buses Fleet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1424-:d:750273
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shahid Hussain & Ki-Beom Lee & Mohamed A. Ahmed & Barry Hayes & Young-Chon Kim, 2020. "Two-Stage Fuzzy Logic Inference Algorithm for Maximizing the Quality of Performance under the Operational Constraints of Power Grid in Electric Vehicle Parking Lots," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-31, September.
    2. Matthias Rogge & Sebastian Wollny & Dirk Uwe Sauer, 2015. "Fast Charging Battery Buses for the Electrification of Urban Public Transport—A Feasibility Study Focusing on Charging Infrastructure and Energy Storage Requirements," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Krzysztof Zagrajek & Józef Paska & Mariusz Kłos & Karol Pawlak & Piotr Marchel & Magdalena Bartecka & Łukasz Michalski & Paweł Terlikowski, 2020. "Impact of Electric Bus Charging on Distribution Substation and Local Grid in Warsaw," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-13, March.
    4. De Filippo, Giovanni & Marano, Vincenzo & Sioshansi, Ramteen, 2014. "Simulation of an electric transportation system at The Ohio State University," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1686-1691.
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    Cited by:

    1. Harasis, Salman & Khan, Irfan & Massoud, Ahmed, 2024. "Enabling large-scale integration of electric bus fleets in harsh environments: Possibilities, potentials, and challenges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    2. Oscar Mauricio Hernández-Gómez & João Paulo Abreu Vieira & Jonathan Muñoz Tabora & Luiz Eduardo Sales e Silva, 2024. "Mitigating Voltage Drop and Excessive Step-Voltage Regulator Tap Operation in Distribution Networks Due to Electric Vehicle Fast Charging," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Manuel Mathes & Matthias Schmidt & Johannes Käsgen & Bruno Fievet & Pierre Van Tichelen & Maitane Berecibar & Mohammed Al-Saadi, 2022. "Heavy-Duty Battery Electric Buses’ Integration in Cities Based on Superfast Charging Technologies: Impact on the Urban Life," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.

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