IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p9236-d994803.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Review on Up-to-Date Gearbox Technologies and Maintenance of Tidal Current Energy Converters

Author

Listed:
  • Gang Li

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA)

  • Weidong Zhu

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA)

Abstract

This paper presents a review-based comparative study of state-of-the-art technologies, technical challenges and research barriers, and development trends of gearboxes used in tidal current energy converters (TCECs). Currently, the development of commercial projects using TCECs is still in the demonstration phase. While many drivetrain designs and configurations of TCECs inherit from those of wind turbines, different operational constraints, e.g., high-torque and low-speed conditions, make TCECs potentially suffer from high failure rates in harsh deep-sea environments. Evidence of these potentially high failure rates highlights the need for adopting the most resilient drivetrain options with a high degree of maintainability. The gearbox option is a critical issue that needs to be addressed for the choice of the drivetrain configuration due to its longest downtime per failure among all drivetrain components of TCECs. The main purpose of this study is to review current gearbox technologies of TCECs with advantages and disadvantages as well as to identify future technical challenges and research barriers. Gearbox maintenance is also a focal point in this study. We present a discussion of the operation phase to highlight operational maintenance methods currently used in the tidal energy industry. This study will, therefore, address the critical issue by proposing a review-based gearbox option comparison and discussing potential solutions to reduce operation and maintenance costs of gearboxes of TCECs.

Suggested Citation

  • Gang Li & Weidong Zhu, 2022. "A Review on Up-to-Date Gearbox Technologies and Maintenance of Tidal Current Energy Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9236-:d:994803
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9236/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9236/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Hong-wei & Ma, Shun & Li, Wei & Gu, Hai-gang & Lin, Yong-gang & Sun, Xiao-jing, 2011. "A review on the development of tidal current energy in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1141-1146, February.
    2. José Ramón del Álamo Salgado & Mario J. Durán Martínez & Francisco J. Muñoz Gutiérrez & Jorge Alarcon, 2021. "Analysis of the Gearbox Oil Maintenance Procedures in Wind Energy II," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Walsh, Jodi & Bashir, Imran & Garrett, Joanne K. & Thies, Philipp R. & Blondel, Philippe & Johanning, Lars, 2017. "Monitoring the condition of Marine Renewable Energy Devices through underwater Acoustic Emissions: Case study of a Wave Energy Converter in Falmouth Bay, UK," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PA), pages 205-213.
    4. Liu, Hongwei & Lin, Yonggang & Shi, Maoshun & Li, Wei & Gu, Haigang & Xu, Quankun & Tu, Le, 2015. "A novel hydraulic-mechanical hybrid transmission in tidal current turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 31-42.
    5. Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Ali S. Alghamdi, 2021. "MPPT of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator in Tidal Energy Systems Using Support Vector Regression," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Serigne Ousmane Samb & Nicolas Bernard & Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris & Huu Kien Bui, 2022. "Design Optimization of a Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generator for Tidal Wave Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Laws, Nicholas D. & Epps, Brenden P., 2016. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion: Technology, research, and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1245-1259.
    8. Bangalore, P. & Patriksson, M., 2018. "Analysis of SCADA data for early fault detection, with application to the maintenance management of wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 521-532.
    9. Ahmed Raza & Vladimir Ulansky, 2019. "Optimal Preventive Maintenance of Wind Turbine Components with Imperfect Continuous Condition Monitoring," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-24, October.
    10. Ozgener, Onder & Ozgener, Leyla, 2007. "Exergy and reliability analysis of wind turbine systems: A case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(8), pages 1811-1826, October.
    11. Md Liton Hossain & Ahmed Abu-Siada & S. M. Muyeen, 2018. "Methods for Advanced Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Early Diagnosis: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-14, May.
    12. Li, Gang & Zhu, Weidong, 2022. "Time-delay closed-loop control of an infinitely variable transmission system for tidal current energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 1120-1132.
    13. Pelc, Robin & Fujita, Rod M., 2002. "Renewable energy from the ocean," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 471-479, November.
    14. Si, Xiao-Sheng & Wang, Wenbin & Hu, Chang-Hua & Zhou, Dong-Hua, 2011. "Remaining useful life estimation - A review on the statistical data driven approaches," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 213(1), pages 1-14, August.
    15. Mohamed Benbouzid & Tarek Berghout & Nur Sarma & Siniša Djurović & Yueqi Wu & Xiandong Ma, 2021. "Intelligent Condition Monitoring of Wind Power Systems: State of the Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-33, September.
    16. Domenech, John & Eveleigh, Timothy & Tanju, Bereket, 2018. "Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) systems: Using systems thinking in resource characterization and estimating costs for the practical harvest of electricity from tidal currents," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 723-730.
    17. Mérigaud, Alexis & Ringwood, John V., 2016. "Condition-based maintenance methods for marine renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 53-78.
    18. Neill, Simon P. & Angeloudis, Athanasios & Robins, Peter E. & Walkington, Ian & Ward, Sophie L. & Masters, Ian & Lewis, Matt J. & Piano, Marco & Avdis, Alexandros & Piggott, Matthew D. & Aggidis, Geor, 2018. "Tidal range energy resource and optimization – Past perspectives and future challenges," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 763-778.
    19. Qian, Peng & Feng, Bo & Liu, Hao & Tian, Xiange & Si, Yulin & Zhang, Dahai, 2019. "Review on configuration and control methods of tidal current turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 125-139.
    20. O Rourke, Fergal & Boyle, Fergal & Reynolds, Anthony, 2010. "Tidal energy update 2009," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 398-409, February.
    21. Annalisa Santolamazza & Daniele Dadi & Vito Introna, 2021. "A Data-Mining Approach for Wind Turbine Fault Detection Based on SCADA Data Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-25, March.
    22. Johnstone, C.M. & Pratt, D. & Clarke, J.A. & Grant, A.D., 2013. "A techno-economic analysis of tidal energy technology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 101-106.
    23. Pierre Tchakoua & René Wamkeue & Mohand Ouhrouche & Fouad Slaoui-Hasnaoui & Tommy Andy Tameghe & Gabriel Ekemb, 2014. "Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: State-of-the-Art Review, New Trends, and Future Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-36, April.
    24. Shamshirband, Shahaboddin & Petković, Dalibor & Amini, Amineh & Anuar, Nor Badrul & Nikolić, Vlastimir & Ćojbašić, Žarko & Mat Kiah, Miss Laiha & Gani, Abdullah, 2014. "Support vector regression methodology for wind turbine reaction torque prediction with power-split hydrostatic continuous variable transmission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 623-630.
    25. Wilberforce, Tabbi & El Hassan, Zaki & Durrant, A. & Thompson, J. & Soudan, Bassel & Olabi, A.G., 2019. "Overview of ocean power technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 165-181.
    26. Wang, Jinjiang & Liang, Yuanyuan & Zheng, Yinghao & Gao, Robert X. & Zhang, Fengli, 2020. "An integrated fault diagnosis and prognosis approach for predictive maintenance of wind turbine bearing with limited samples," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 642-650.
    27. Fan, YaJun & Mu, AnLe & Ma, Tao, 2016. "Modeling and control of a hybrid wind-tidal turbine with hydraulic accumulator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 188-199.
    28. Li, Gong & Shi, Jing, 2012. "Applications of Bayesian methods in wind energy conversion systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1-8.
    29. Elasha, Faris & Mba, David & Togneri, Michael & Masters, Ian & Teixeira, Joao Amaral, 2017. "A hybrid prognostic methodology for tidal turbine gearboxes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1051-1061.
    30. Lewis, M. & Neill, S.P. & Robins, P.E. & Hashemi, M.R., 2015. "Resource assessment for future generations of tidal-stream energy arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 403-415.
    31. García Márquez, Fausto Pedro & Tobias, Andrew Mark & Pinar Pérez, Jesús María & Papaelias, Mayorkinos, 2012. "Condition monitoring of wind turbines: Techniques and methods," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 169-178.
    32. Giallanza, A. & Porretto, M. & Cannizzaro, L. & Marannano, G., 2017. "Analysis of the maximization of wind turbine energy yield using a continuously variable transmission system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PB), pages 481-486.
    33. José Ramón del Álamo & Mario J. Duran & Francisco J. Muñoz, 2020. "Analysis of the Gearbox Oil Maintenance Procedures in Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-18, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Gang & Zhu, Weidong, 2023. "Tidal current energy harvesting technologies: A review of current status and life cycle assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Gang & Zhu, Weidong, 2022. "Time-delay closed-loop control of an infinitely variable transmission system for tidal current energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 1120-1132.
    2. Li, Gang & Zhu, Weidong, 2023. "Tidal current energy harvesting technologies: A review of current status and life cycle assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    3. Si, Yulin & Liu, Xiaodong & Wang, Tao & Feng, Bo & Qian, Peng & Ma, Yong & Zhang, Dahai, 2022. "State-of-the-art review and future trends of development of tidal current energy converters in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    4. Giovanni Rinaldi & Philipp R. Thies & Lars Johanning, 2021. "Current Status and Future Trends in the Operation and Maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-28, April.
    5. Segura, E. & Morales, R. & Somolinos, J.A., 2018. "A strategic analysis of tidal current energy conversion systems in the European Union," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 527-551.
    6. Jijian Lian & Ou Cai & Xiaofeng Dong & Qi Jiang & Yue Zhao, 2019. "Health Monitoring and Safety Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Turbine Structure: A Review and Discussion of Future Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-29, January.
    7. Rtimi, Rajae & Sottolichio, Aldo & Tassi, Pablo, 2022. "The Rance tidal power station: Toward a better understanding of sediment dynamics in response to power generation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 323-343.
    8. Mohamed Benbouzid & Tarek Berghout & Nur Sarma & Siniša Djurović & Yueqi Wu & Xiandong Ma, 2021. "Intelligent Condition Monitoring of Wind Power Systems: State of the Art Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-33, September.
    9. Jorge Maldonado-Correa & Sergio Martín-Martínez & Estefanía Artigao & Emilio Gómez-Lázaro, 2020. "Using SCADA Data for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring: A Systematic Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-21, June.
    10. Seyed Abolfazl Mortazavizadeh & Reza Yazdanpanah & David Campos Gaona & Olimpo Anaya-Lara, 2023. "Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring in Wave Energy Converters: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-16, September.
    11. Francesco Bottiglione & Giacomo Mantriota & Marco Valle, 2018. "Power-Split Hydrostatic Transmissions for Wind Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    12. Roger Samsó & Júlia Crespin & Antonio García-Olivares & Jordi Solé, 2023. "Examining the Potential of Marine Renewable Energy: A Net Energy Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-35, May.
    13. Zielinski, Michał & Myszkowski, Adam & Pelic, Marcin & Staniek, Roman, 2022. "Low-speed radial piston pump as an effective alternative power transmission for small hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 1012-1027.
    14. Pan, Yubin & Hong, Rongjing & Chen, Jie & Wu, Weiwei, 2020. "A hybrid DBN-SOM-PF-based prognostic approach of remaining useful life for wind turbine gearbox," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 138-154.
    15. Masoud Asgarpour & John Dalsgaard Sørensen, 2018. "Bayesian Based Diagnostic Model for Condition Based Maintenance of Offshore Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-17, January.
    16. Marta-Almeida, Martinho & Cirano, Mauro & Guedes Soares, Carlos & Lessa, Guilherme C., 2017. "A numerical tidal stream energy assessment study for Baía de Todos os Santos, Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 271-287.
    17. Milad Shadman & Corbiniano Silva & Daiane Faller & Zhijia Wu & Luiz Paulo de Freitas Assad & Luiz Landau & Carlos Levi & Segen F. Estefen, 2019. "Ocean Renewable Energy Potential, Technology, and Deployments: A Case Study of Brazil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-37, September.
    18. Mérigaud, Alexis & Ringwood, John V., 2016. "Condition-based maintenance methods for marine renewable energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 53-78.
    19. Nachtane, M. & Tarfaoui, M. & Goda, I. & Rouway, M., 2020. "A review on the technologies, design considerations and numerical models of tidal current turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 1274-1288.
    20. Khojasteh, Danial & Lewis, Matthew & Tavakoli, Sasan & Farzadkhoo, Maryam & Felder, Stefan & Iglesias, Gregorio & Glamore, William, 2022. "Sea level rise will change estuarine tidal energy: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9236-:d:994803. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.