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A Review on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Networks for Wind Power Integration

Author

Listed:
  • Luís F. Normandia Lourenço

    (Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil)

  • Amira Louni

    (COSYS-IMSE, University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France)

  • Gilney Damm

    (COSYS-IMSE, University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France)

  • Mariana Netto

    (COSYS-PICS-L, University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, F-78000 Versailles, France)

  • Monssef Drissi-Habti

    (COSYS-IMSE, University Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, F-77447 Marne-la-Vallée, France)

  • Samuele Grillo

    (Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho

    (Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil)

  • Lasantha Meegahapola

    (Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia)

Abstract

With the growing pressure to substitute fossil fuel-based generation, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have become one of the main solutions from the power sector in the fight against climate change. Offshore wind farms, for example, are an interesting alternative to increase renewable power production, but they represent a challenge when being interconnected to the grid, since new installations are being pushed further off the coast due to noise and visual pollution restrictions. In this context, Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) networks are the most preferred technology for this purpose and for onshore grid reinforcements. They also enable the delivery of power from the shore to offshore Oil and Gas (O&G) production platforms, which can help lower the emissions in the transition away from fossil fuels. In this work, we review relevant aspects of the operation and control of MT-HVDC networks for wind power integration. The review approaches topics such as the main characteristics of MT-HVDC projects under discussion/commissioned around the world, rising challenges in the control and the operation of MT-HVDC networks and the modeling and the control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) stations. To illustrate the challenges on designing the control system of a MT-HVDC network and to corroborate the technical discussions, a simulation of a three-terminal MT-HVDC network integrating wind power generation and offshore O&G production units to the onshore grid is performed in Matlab’s Simscape Electrical toolbox. The results highlight the main differences between two alternatives to design the control system for an MT-HVDC network.

Suggested Citation

  • Luís F. Normandia Lourenço & Amira Louni & Gilney Damm & Mariana Netto & Monssef Drissi-Habti & Samuele Grillo & Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho & Lasantha Meegahapola, 2022. "A Review on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Networks for Wind Power Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-22, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9016-:d:987167
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Van Hertem, Dirk & Ghandhari, Mehrdad, 2010. "Multi-terminal VSC HVDC for the European supergrid: Obstacles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 3156-3163, December.
    2. Khan, Asif & Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi & Raza, Ali & Stojcevski, Alex, 2021. "Analytical review on common and state-of-the-art FR strategies for VSC-MTDC integrated offshore wind power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    3. Luís F. N. Lourenço & Filipe Perez & Alessio Iovine & Gilney Damm & Renato M. Monaro & Maurício B. C. Salles, 2021. "Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming MMC-HVDC Transmission Connected to Legacy Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-25, December.
    4. Angelo Lunardi & Luís F. Normandia Lourenço & Enkhtsetseg Munkhchuluun & Lasantha Meegahapola & Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho, 2022. "Grid-Connected Power Converters: An Overview of Control Strategies for Renewable Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-33, June.
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