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Operation of the Electronic Current Transformer for Transformation of Distorted Current Higher Harmonics

Author

Listed:
  • Michal Kaczmarek

    (Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

  • Artur Szczęsny

    (Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

  • Ernest Stano

    (Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

This paper evaluates an electronic current transformer’s wideband accuracy in the transformation of distorted current harmonics. The tests were performed in the range of frequencies from 50 Hz to 5 kHz. The utmost importance was dedicated to the transformation of the low-order higher harmonics. The novelty of this paper involves the analysis of the self-generation of the third and fifth higher harmonics caused by the nonlinearity of magnetic core magnetization characteristics. Therefore, what is considered new in this investigation is that this phenomenon has a significant influence on values of current errors and phase displacements despite the presence of the operational amplifiers and the Hall sensors in the output circuits. Another important factor to consider is the influence of the RMS value of the primary current and output load of the ECT on wideband accuracy. To show the backgrounds of the performed laboratory studies, we also discuss the operation principles of the ECTs with closed and open feedback loops. The accuracy of the tested ECT deteriorated—as with the inductive CT—by the self-generation phenomenon. This resulted in rapid changes in the values of current errors and phase displacements determined for the low-order higher harmonics.

Suggested Citation

  • Michal Kaczmarek & Artur Szczęsny & Ernest Stano, 2022. "Operation of the Electronic Current Transformer for Transformation of Distorted Current Higher Harmonics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-10, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:12:p:4368-:d:839449
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kun-Long Chen & Ren-Shuo Wan & Yi Guo & Nanming Chen & Wei-Jen Lee, 2017. "A Redundancy Mechanism Design for Hall-Based Electronic Current Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Ernest Stano, 2021. "The Method to Determine the Turns Ratio Correction of the Inductive Current Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Dariusz Brodecki & Ernest Stano & Mateusz Andrychowicz & Piotr Kaczmarek, 2021. "EMC of Wideband Power Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, March.
    4. Alessandro Mingotti & Lorenzo Peretto & Roberto Tinarelli & Andrea Angioni & Antonello Monti & Ferdinanda Ponci, 2019. "A Simple Calibration Procedure for an LPIT plus PMU System Under Off-Nominal Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Michal Kaczmarek & Piotr Kaczmarek, 2020. "Comparison of the Wideband Power Sources Used to Supply Step-Up Current Transformers for Generation of Distorted Currents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ernest Stano & Piotr Kaczmarek & Michal Kaczmarek, 2022. "Understanding the Frequency Characteristics of Current Error and Phase Displacement of the Corrected Inductive Current Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-16, July.
    2. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "New Approach to Evaluate the Transformation Accuracy of Inductive CTs for Distorted Current," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-15, March.
    3. Mengmeng Zhu & Hongda Tang & Zhaolei He & Yaohua Liao & Biao Tang & Qunqun Zhang & Hongchun Shu & Yaqi Deng & Fang Zeng & Pulin Cao, 2023. "Field Test Method and Equivalence Analysis of Delay Characteristics of DC Electronic Current Transformer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-10, July.
    4. Michal Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2023. "Review of Measuring Methods, Setups and Conditions for Evaluation of the Inductive Instrument Transformers Accuracy for Transformation of Distorted Waveforms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-17, May.
    5. Michal Kaczmarek & Piotr Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2022. "The Effect of the Load Power Factor of the Inductive CT’s Secondary Winding on Its Distorted Current’s Harmonics Transformation Accuracy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-11, August.
    6. Michal Kaczmarek & Piotr Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2022. "The Performance of the High-Current Transformer during Operation in the Wide Frequencies Range," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-15, September.
    7. Michal Kaczmarek & Piotr Kaczmarek & Ernest Stano, 2022. "Evaluation of the Current Shunt Influence on the Determined Wideband Accuracy of Inductive Current Transformers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-12, September.

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