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Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System

Author

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  • Ireneusz Pielecha

    (Department of Combustion Engines and Transport, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland)

  • Sławomir Wierzbicki

    (Department of Mechatronics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 11, 10-710 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Maciej Sidorowicz

    (AC S.A., ul. 42 Pulku Piechoty 50, 15-181 Białystok, Poland)

  • Dariusz Pietras

    (Department of Combustion Engines and Vehicles, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland)

Abstract

The development of internal combustion engines involves various new solutions, one of which is the use of dual-fuel systems. The diversity of technological solutions being developed determines the efficiency of such systems, as well as the possibility of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide and exhaust components into the atmosphere. An innovative double direct injection system was used as a method for forming a mixture in the combustion chamber. The tests were carried out with the use of gasoline, ethanol, n-heptane, and n-butanol during combustion in a model test engine—the rapid compression machine (RCM). The analyzed combustion process indicators included the cylinder pressure, pressure increase rate, heat release rate, and heat release value. Optical tests of the combustion process made it possible to analyze the flame development in the observed area of the combustion chamber. The conducted research and analyses resulted in the observation that it is possible to control the excess air ratio in the direct vicinity of the spark plug just before ignition. Such possibilities occur as a result of the properties of the injected fuels, which include different amounts of air required for their stoichiometric combustion. The studies of the combustion process have shown that the combustible mixtures consisting of gasoline with another fuel are characterized by greater combustion efficiency than the mixtures composed of only a single fuel type, and that the influence of the type of fuel used is significant for the combustion process and its indicator values.

Suggested Citation

  • Ireneusz Pielecha & Sławomir Wierzbicki & Maciej Sidorowicz & Dariusz Pietras, 2021. "Combustion Thermodynamics of Ethanol, n-Heptane, and n-Butanol in a Rapid Compression Machine with a Dual Direct Injection (DDI) Supply System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2729-:d:551728
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Wenbin & Li, Zilong & Huang, Guan & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Experimental investigation of direct injection dual fuel of n-butanol and biodiesel on Intelligent Charge Compression Ignition (ICCI) Combustion mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Huang, Yuhan & Hong, Guang & Huang, Ronghua, 2015. "Investigation to charge cooling effect and combustion characteristics of ethanol direct injection in a gasoline port injection engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 244-254.
    3. Daniel, Ritchie & Xu, Hongming & Wang, Chongming & Richardson, Dave & Shuai, Shijin, 2013. "Gaseous and particulate matter emissions of biofuel blends in dual-injection compared to direct-injection and port injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 252-261.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sławomir Wierzbicki & Kamil Duda & Maciej Mikulski, 2021. "Renewable Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-3, November.
    2. Kniaziewicz, Tomasz & Zadrąg, Ryszard & Bogdanowicz, Artur, 2022. "Environmental characteristics of marine diesel engine fueled by butanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 887-899.

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