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Three-Dimensional Thermal Simulations of 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries Cooled by Different Schemes under High Rate Discharging and External Shorting Conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Yang Li

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Zhifu Zhou

    (State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

  • Jian Zhao

    (Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada)

  • Liang Hao

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Minli Bai

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Yulong Li

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Xuanyu Liu

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Yubai Li

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

  • Yongchen Song

    (Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China)

Abstract

In this work, three-dimensional thermal simulations of single 18650 lithium-ion battery cell and 75 V lithium-ion battery pack composed of 21 18650 battery cells are performed based on a multi-scale multi-domain (MSMD) battery modeling approach. Different cooling approaches’ effects on 18650 lithium-ion battery and battery pack thermal management under fast discharging and external shorting conditions are investigated and compared. It is found that for the natural convection, forced air cooling, and/or mini-channel liquid cooling approaches, the temperature of battery cell easily exceeds 40 °C under 3C rate discharging condition. While under external shorting condition, the temperature of cell rises sharply and reaches the 80 °C in a short period of time, which can trigger thermal runaway and may even lead to catastrophic battery fire. On the other hand, when the cooling method is single-phase direct cooling with FC-72 as coolant or two-phase immersed cooling by HFE-7000, the cell temperature is effectively limited to a tolerable level under both high C rate discharging and external shorting conditions. In addition, two-phase immersed cooling scheme is found to lead to better temperature uniformity according to the 75 V battery pack simulations.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang Li & Zhifu Zhou & Jian Zhao & Liang Hao & Minli Bai & Yulong Li & Xuanyu Liu & Yubai Li & Yongchen Song, 2021. "Three-Dimensional Thermal Simulations of 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries Cooled by Different Schemes under High Rate Discharging and External Shorting Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-20, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:21:p:6986-:d:663935
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Saw, Lip Huat & Ye, Yonghuang & Tay, Andrew A.O. & Chong, Wen Tong & Kuan, Seng How & Yew, Ming Chian, 2016. "Computational fluid dynamic and thermal analysis of Lithium-ion battery pack with air cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 783-792.
    2. Wang, Tao & Tseng, K.J. & Zhao, Jiyun & Wei, Zhongbao, 2014. "Thermal investigation of lithium-ion battery module with different cell arrangement structures and forced air-cooling strategies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 229-238.
    3. Menale, Carla & D'Annibale, Francesco & Mazzarotta, Barbara & Bubbico, Roberto, 2019. "Thermal management of lithium-ion batteries: An experimental investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 57-71.
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    Cited by:

    1. Heng Huang & Zhifu Zhou & Linsong Gao & Yang Li & Xinyu Liu & Zheng Huang & Yubai Li & Yongchen Song, 2023. "Investigation and Optimization of Fast Cold Start of 18650 Lithium-Ion Cell by Heating Film-Based Heating Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-26, January.
    2. Lin, Xiang-Wei & Li, Yu-Bai & Wu, Wei-Tao & Zhou, Zhi-Fu & Chen, Bin, 2024. "Advances on two-phase heat transfer for lithium-ion battery thermal management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).

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