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A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines

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  • Behdad Shadidi

    (Biosystem Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran)

  • Gholamhassan Najafi

    (Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1497713111, Iran)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Queensland, QLD 4009, Australia)

Abstract

The demand for fossil fuels is increasing because of globalization and rising energy demands. As a result, many nations are exploring alternative energy sources, and hydrogen is an efficient and practical alternative fuel. In the transportation industry, the development of hydrogen-powered cars aims to maximize fuel efficiency and significantly reduce exhaust gas emission and concentration. The impact of using hydrogen as a supplementary fuel for spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines on engine performance and gas emissions was investigated in this study. By adding hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines, the torque, power, and brake thermal efficiency of the engines decrease, while their brake-specific fuel consumption increase. This study suggests that using hydrogen will reduce the emissions of CO, UHC, CO 2 , and soot; however, NO x emission is expected to increase. Due to the reduction of environmental pollutants for most engines and the related environmental benefits, hydrogen fuel is a clean and sustainable energy source, and its use should be expanded.

Suggested Citation

  • Behdad Shadidi & Gholamhassan Najafi & Talal Yusaf, 2021. "A Review of Hydrogen as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:19:p:6209-:d:645868
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Khoshgoftar Manesh, Mohammad Hasan & Davadgaran, Sepehr & Mousavi Rabeti, Seyed Alireza & Blanco-Marigorta, Ana M., 2024. "Optimal 4E evaluation of an innovative solar-wind cogeneration system for sustainable power and fresh water production based on integration of microbial desalination cell, humidification- dehumidifica," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    6. Sadik-Zada, Elkhan Richard & Gatto, Andrea & Scharfenstein, Manuel, 2023. "Sustainable management of lithium and green hydrogen and long-run perspectives of electromobility," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 186(PA).
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    8. Zhang, Liwu & Zhu, Guanghui & Chao, Yanpu & Chen, Liangbin & Ghanbari, Afshin, 2023. "Simultaneous prediction of CO2, CO, and NOx emissions of biodiesel-hydrogen blend combustion in compression ignition engines by supervised machine learning tools," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Qi Geng & Xuede Wang & Yang Du & Zhenghao Yang & Rui Wang & Guangyu He, 2022. "Effect of the Hydrogen Injection Position on the Combustion Process of a Direct Injection X-Type Rotary Engine with a Hydrogen Blend," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-19, October.
    10. Belessiotis, George V. & Kontos, Athanassios G., 2022. "Plasmonic silver (Ag)-based photocatalysts for H2 production and CO2 conversion: Review, analysis and perspectives," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 497-515.
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